World War I Chapter 29

What caused the War? Nationalism Unified countries but also created competition Militarism-glorifying arms strength and the ability to mobilize Imperialism caused competition among countries

Strengthening of Germany Between 1864 and 1871 Bismarck used war to unite German states Kaiser Wilhelm takes control of germany in 1890 Germany formed Triple Alliance with Italy and Austria-Hungry Germany had agreement with Russia to stay neutral in war

Trouble for Germany France and Russia form alliance Build up of German navy lead to Britain forming alliance with France and Russia Triple Entente France and Russia both had secret alliances with Italy If war broke out all would be involved

Balkans Serbia wanted Bosnia Bosnia annexed by Austria Russia supported Serbia-SLAVs Germany wanted alliance with ottomans- russia’s enemy Austrian heir, Archduke Ferdinand, visits Bosnia and is shot dead by serbian The shot heard round the world!

It begins Austria, with German approval, threatens military action if demands are not meet for Murder Serbia does not want Austria To try case for murders Austria declares war on Serbia

Dominoes fall Russia sends troops to border Germany declare war on Russia Germany then declare war on France Belgium was neutral but Germany marches through Belgium to get to France Britain declare war on Germany

Spoils of war Italy secretly united with GB hoping for land Japan also joined to get colonies

Section 2

A new kind of war Central powers vs Allied powers Subs developed by Germany- uboats Airplane-observation of troops Baron Von Richthofen-red Baron Tank introduced by Britain Army made up of drafted soldiers Propaganda was spread

RED BARON

Battles Germany attacks russia - russian army killed or taken prisoner Fr and GB attack ottoman- many die nothing gained U-boat sinks Lusitania- US warning given to germany

Bloody Stalemate Western Front, France, was a war of trenches. This type of warfare resulted in huge losses for small land gains Area between trenches was known as “No man’s land. BBC - History - World Wars: Dug-out Interior Virtual Tour

On the High Seas Germany needed to end transport of supplies to Britain Unrestricted Submarine Warfare resulted in sinking of any ship in the water around Britain On May , the Lusitania, a cruiseliner was sank with Americans aboard US warned Germany Germany continued hoping Britain would give up before US joined the war

Effects on the US WWI became a total war requiring everyone to do their part Some supplies were rationed, limited, to allow for materials to be sent to Europe or used by the Military The use of propaganda, one sided information, was used to promote the allies side

Usa enters war USA companies sold goods to both sides 1917 German, Zimmermann, sent telegram to Mexico promising NM,AZ and Tex if they join the war Intercepted by British and passed on to the US Became a war for democracy —US declares war

World War I

War Becomes Global Japan joins war on Allies side Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria join Germany British see Ottoman Empire as a way to end the stalemate, send force to take Dardanelles 250,000 troops died but the fight continued in the Middle East which victories in what is now Iraq, Isreal and Syria Japan take China region from Germany

Sec 4 Peace in Europe Fourteen points – Wilson – No secret treaties – Free seas – No tariffs – Protection for independence of small nations from bigger nations – League of Nations – Self-determination

End is near Ottomans and Bulgaria give up Aust/ Hungry split in to civil war Germany is driven back Armistice is sign on Nov 11, 1918 – Give up land – Give up large amount of fleet – All submarines – Release POWs

Treaty of Versailles Britain-David Lloyd George, US-Wilson, France-Clemenceau, and Italy meet France wanted to punish Germany and take land and colonies Make Germany pay reparations Setup a League of Nations – US, Britain, France, Italy, Japan-permanent members --Germany and Russia deliberately left out

Legacy of the War Treaties did little to prevent future war Germany was forced to take blame for war and pay retributions which killed their economy Winners wanted more property than they got League of Nations, with no US, lacked power 8.5 million died, 21 million hurt $338 billion spent