OPERA : CERN-LNGS Long Base ν μ→ ν τ Appearance Experiment COLLABORATION 36 groups ~ 165 physicists Russia INR Moscow, ITEP Moscow, JINR Dubna, Obninsk Belgium IIHE(ULB-VUB) Brussels France LAPP Annecy, IPNL Lyon, LAL Orsay, IRES Strasbourg Germany * Berlin, Hagen, Hamburg, Münster, Rostock Israel Technion Haifa Italy Bari, Bologna, LNF Frascati, L’Aquila, LNGS, Naples, Padova, Rome, Salerno Japan Aichi, Toho, Kobe, Nagoya, Utsunomiya Switzerland Bern, Neuchâtel Turkey METU Ankara China IHEP Beijing, Shandong Croatia Zagreb University Bulgaria Sofia University

Venice2 OPERA : CERN-LNGS Long Base ν μ→ ν τ Appearance Experiment Motivations: Direct observation of ν μ -> ν  oscillation by detection of ν τ + Pb CC interaction in initially pure ν μ beam (0.8% ν e, 2% ν μ ) ν μ -> ν e observation: θ 13 measurement

OPERA : CERN-LNGS Neutrino Beam (CNGS) 4.5x10 19 pot / year ~ 17 GeV

Venice4 Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC) –Emulsions for tracking, passive material as target –Basic technique established: charmed “X-particle” first observed in cosmic rays (1971) DONUT/FNAL beam-dump experiment:  events observed  m 2 = ( ) x eV 2   M target ~ 2 kton –large detector  sensitivity, complexity –modular structure (“bricks”): basic performance is preserved Pb Emulsion layers  1 mm Experience with emulsions and/or  searches : E531, CHORUS, NOMAD and DONUT Experimental technique

Venice5 8 m Pb/Em. target Electronic detectors: target tracker, μ spectrometer, veto counters  find the brick with interaction   ID, charge & p Emulsion analysis  vertex  decay kink  e/ γ /μ/π ID, multiple scattering, kinematics Extract selected brick Pb/Em. ECC brick 8 cm Pb 1 mm Basic “cell” Emulsion OPERA Detector: Supermodule structure

Venice6 Underground assembly space ( ) 4 m corridor 48 m Hall B Borexino Hall C Pb-emulsion stacking brick packing BAM Emulsion storage OPERA Detector: Disposition in LNGS underground lab

Venice7 31 target planes / spectrometer ( bricks, 1766 tons)   Front damping structure Rear damping structure Electronic barrack Mechanical structure and risk analysis study accepted by safety authorities OPERA Detector: Disposition in LNGS underground lab

Venice8 ECC Brick 10X 0 ( 57 emulsion films ) Packing Options: Vacuum Mechanical

Venice9 Day by day experiment operation scheme Emulsion Scanning stations  locate interaction   detection Gran Sasso  tag interaction  extract ECC brick ECC brick 30bricks/day  cosmic ray exposure  develop emulsion sheet etc.

Venice10 OPERA Event rate OPERA ktons νμCCνμCC νμNCνμNC 7300 νμCCνμCC 510 νeCCνeCC 194 νeCCνeCC 17 __ 5 years /year in shared mode Δm2Δm2 OPERA 1 x eV x eV x eV ν τ CC interactions efficient beam monitoring Possible improvements: proton intensity increase  1.5 running in dedicated mode  1.7  up to 80 events per day in OPERA to be taken into account for the scanning power 2.55

Venice11 Number of events: full mixing, 5 years 4.5(6.76)x10 19 pot / year signal (  m 2 = 1.3 x eV 2 ) signal (  m 2 = 2.0 x eV 2 ) signal (  m 2 = 3.0 x eV 2 ) BKGD Final Design 3.1(4.7)7.3(11)16.4(24.6)0.7(1.06) 5 YEARS5 YEARS x 1.5 44 44 33 33

Venice12 CNGS schedule

Venice13 Spectrometer :Magnet, RPC, XPC and Precision Tracker Veto and Beam monitoring Target : Brick wall and Target Tracker DAQ Brick production and Handling Scanning and Computing OPERA construction tasks and schedule

Venice14 OPERA construction tasks and schedule

Venice15 Spectrometer construction slabs base coil Fe (5 cm) RPC 12 Fe slabs in total 8.2 m B= 1.55 T Total Fe weight ~ 1 kton Tests at Frascati lab

Venice16 Spectrometer construction Aug 2003

Venice17 Spectrometer construction Dec 2003

Precision tracker Electronics FE : board ready TDC : chip tested, board being designed DAQ : running HV board : final design in progress Full size prototype as seen from the top Performance: efficiency: 99.1% resolution:  300 μm

Venice19  XY planes, 7000m 2 in total  Scintillator strips 7m x 2.5cm x1cm  AMCRYS-H (Kharkov) + Kuraray WLS  1000 MaPMT Hamamatsu 64channels  Dedicated Front End electronics for gain correction  Autotriggerable and 1/5 p.e 7m Target tracker

Venice20 Target tracker first wall constructed (Strasbourg)

Venice21 Produce about 8 modules/week. Delivery at GS (modules already calibrated): 1.16 modulesFebruary modulesMay modulesJuly modulesSeptember modulesNovember modulesJanuary modulesMarch modulesMay modulesJuly modulesSeptember 2005 TT installation: 31/03/2004 to 18/01/2006 TT Walls will be mounted outside (about 15 walls prepared in advance) and slided inside the detector after each brick wall installation. Target tracker delivery

Venice Mbits switch 1) A Smart (Ethernet capable) F/E card  TT : at the PM level  RPC, PT : plane or station level 2) A distributed synchronization scheme (time + deterministic commands) 3) A network architecture with different levels of switches up to the event building work stations Same architecture for : target tracker, RPC and Precision tracker The 3 ingredients of the DAQ architecture

Venice23  Pb 1 mm   Lead from Boliden Mass production starts April 2003 (~ m 2 ) Refreshing done in the Tono Mine in Japan : 2 years duration One batch sent to LNGS every 2 months starting august 2003  emulsion storage LNGS (Hall B) june mm 100mm ECC components: emulsion & lead

Venice24 Naples-Frascati wall VV cable VV cable loop driving system CCD Camera The Vacuum sucker Vehicle (VV) 50 bricks/day ~ 3 hours Brick Manipulator prototype (LAPP Annecy)

Venice25 Routine  5cm 2 /hr Near future  20cm 2 /hr S-UTS prototype at Nagoya Dedicated hardware Hard coded algorithms European prototype Commercial products Software algorithms   ~ 2mrad  x ~ 0.5  m Emulsion scanning

Venice26 Emulsion scanning: ν τ → τ - →  - simulated & reconstructed event

Venice27 1.november 2003 started SM1 Magnet RPC installation 2.June 2004starts SM1 Target installation 3.January 2005BAM and BMS installation 4.July 2005 starts filling bricks Important milestones

Venice28  Important Physics Program First evidence of  -  appearance in few years data taking In a five years run: 7(11) signal x eV 2 ) and 0.7(1.) background events Studies to improve efficiency and to reduce the background Multi prong  decay channel under study Measurement of  13 ( See talk by P.Migliozzi )  Detector construction and installation Mass production started Large and complex detector installation started Detector (and CNGS beam !) will be ready in 2006 Conclusions

Venice29 OPERA Sensitivity 5 years 3 years  m 2 = 1.2x10 -3 eV 2 at full mixing sin 2 (2  ) = 6.0x10 -3 at large  m 2 5 years data taking

Venice30 Brick Assembling Machine (BAM) schedule Final specifications: December 2002 End of market search: March 2003 Technical audit:April 2003 Call for tenders:May to October 2003 Firm selection:November 2003 Ordering:December-January 2003 Construction and tests in the firm:January 2003 to February 2005 Delivery at Gran Sasso laboratory:March 2005 Assembly, installation:April 2005 Production acceptance tests at Gran Sasso: May to July 2005 Brick mass production:September 2005 to August 2006