Growth of International Trade 1000-1500 CE

Objectives Establish interconnectedness of global trade prior to European maritime exploration Show trade links from Greenland to Japan to Madagascar Link cultural diffusion to the rise of Western Europe by 1500 Show influence of trade routes on GO PERSIA

Viking Atlantic Trade 900-1450 Furs, fish, and ivory from Greenland Iron, wood, glass, and grain from Norway Spread Christianity to Greenland Norwegian ties to Hanseatic League and prosperity of Northern Europe

Atlantic Trade Map

Asian Land/River Trade Routes Silk Roads Silks, teas and porcelain from Guangzhou,China Woolen cloth, horses, and ivory from Central Asia Rubies, silver, and ebony from India Carpets, linen, brocade, and ceramics from the Abbasids-Samarkand, Uzbekistan Wine, perfume, glass, silk, and slaves(Slavs) from the Byzantines Furs,wood, amber, and grain from Kievan Russia

Significance of Asian land trade Spread Buddhism,Christianity and Islam to China Created cultural diffusion of technology from East Asia to Europe Pax Mongolica (c1227-1478) kept trade routes open and flowing Created European desire for a water route to China to cut out Islamic middlemen

Indian Ocean Trade Routes Slaves, ivory, gold, and iron from East Africa Porcelain, tea and silk from China Pottery from Burma Cloth, spices (pepper), and jewels from Calicut, India

Zheng He

Significance of Indian Ocean trade routes Caused cross-cultural contact throughout the coastal areas from East Asia to East Africa using the monsoon winds Opened African interior to trade with coast Caused rise of East African trading cities of Kilwa, Sofala, and Mogadishu Spread Islam to coastal Bantu speakers

Trans-Saharan Trade Gold, ivory, slaves, exotic feathers and spices from Sub- Saharan Africa-Timbuktu Salt, cloth, and metalwork from Ceuta, North Africa

Significance of Trans-Saharan Trade Aided in the rise of West African Empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai Caused cross-cultural contact between the Mediterranean world and West Africa Provided most of Europe’s pre-Columbian gold Spread Islam through West Africa

Mediterranean Trade Constantinople/Byzantine Empire-Silk major terminus on the Silk Roads until 1206 Venice-Fine glass and naval fleet (mude) to transport goods Spices, silks, and other Asian goods Cairo & Alexandria, Egypt-The commercial centers between Europe, Southwest Asia and East Asia via Indian Ocean trade

Portuguese Atlantic Trade Early exploration establishes colonies at Madereis and Canary Islands Create sugar plantation systems using African slaves-precursor to New World acquisitions Raids and contacts along West African coast strengthens resolve for water route to Asia African slave network tied to Europe 1500-Vasco da Gama reaches Calicut

Islamic Areas by 1500