Italy in the Era of Gothic Florescence

Fragmentation varied and almost autonomous regional styles anti-French sentiment (started in the late 13 th cen.) Decline in the universal church Laicization secular outlook of prelates growth of towns grew Indebtedness to lesser building types Late phases of art in general new solutions turned into established formulas developed further by refining and elaborating LATE GOTHIC Milan Cathedral, choir 1386 Milan, Italy

Italy in post-Carolingian invasions of EuropeItaly in ca. 1000

The Romanesque churches of Rome ➞ so faithful to Early Christian models immaculately historicist – Romanesque in terms of date only Early Christian St. Peter’s Romanesque S. Giorgio in Velabro Rome, 12 th century Italy in Trachtenberg’s thesis historical consciousness paradigmI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

Early Christian basilicaEarly Christian Santa Sabina, Rome Strong legacy of the early Christian basilica I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experimentsItaly in Trachtenberg’s thesis historical consciousness paradigm

Italy in relation to Europe at the height of the Romanesque period I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

Norman Romanesque in Italy: Trani Cathedral, Trani (Apulia), Italy, s Italian Romanesque in Rome: S. Giorgio in Velabro, 12 th century Reception of northern European Romanesque: NormansI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

Norman Romanesque Trani CathedralItalian Romanesque in Tuscany: Pisa Cathedral Reception of northern European Romanesque: NormansI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

Speyer, Germany Rome, Italy Lombardy, Italy Holy Roman Empire-Northern Italy (Lombardy)-Rome – Rome-Northern Italy (Lombardy)-Holy Roman Empire Romanesque in Northern Italy Rhine Valley Germany Northern Italy Reception of northern European Romanesque: GermanyI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

S. Ambrogio in Milan with quadripartite rib vaults on double-bay system, complete by 1117 Reception of northern European Romanesque: GermanyI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

Venice, Italy Périgueux, France Constantinople St.-Front, Périgueux, France, 1120St. Mark’s, Venice, Italy, b Other historicizing influences in Italy: ConstantinopleI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

Venice, Italy Constantinople St. Mark’s, Venice, Italy, b Other historicizing influences in Italy: Constantinople The Katholicon (Byzantine monastic church) Stilo (Calabria), Italy, b. 982 Stilo, Italy I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

Southern Italy as Magna Graecia (Greater Greece) I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments Normans arrive in Southern Italy in 999 establish dukedoms by 1095

Cappella Palatina (Palatine Chapel) Palermo (Sicily), Italy, ca Ste-Chapelle (Palatine Chapel) Paris, I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experimentsNorman kings in Sicily vs. Capetian royal house of France

Cappella Palatina (Palatine Chapel) Palermo (Sicily), Italy, ca Ste-Chapelle, Paris, I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

Cappella Palatina, Palermo I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

Cappella Palatina, Palermo nave I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

Cappella Palatina, Palermo muqarnas ornament on nave ceiling I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

Italy at the dawn of the High Gothic period II. Italy (in contrast to France) as fertile ground for the Gothic style (opus francigenum)

Reims Cathedral, France, points of contrast Siena Cathedral, nave and transepts clerestory and vault rebuilt from 1369

III. Italy’s lessons in Gothic from Cistercian monasteries Network of Cistercian monasteries

Siena Cathedral, San Galgano, Cisterican abbey, b III. Italy’s lessons in Gothic from Cistercian monasteriesSiena Cathedral – Italy’s only early 13 th cen. Gothic great church

Siena Cathedral III. Italy’s lessons in Gothic from Cistercian monasteries San Galgano, Cisterican abbey

Gothic Siena Cathedral III. Italy’s lessons in Gothic from Cistercian monasteries Romanesque Pisa Cathedral

IV. Italy’s own mendicant order Gothic Franciscan monastery in Florence, Italy: Santa Croce,

IV. Italy’s own mendicant order Gothic Santa Maria Novella, Florence

IV. Italy’s own mendicant order Gothic Santa Maria Novella, Florence

Milan Cathedral, Milan, Italy, b V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral, b. 1386

Milan Cathedral V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral

Milan Cathedral V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral

Milan Cathedral V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral

Milan Cathedral V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral