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 “Injuries that most commonly occur during sports or exercise” - The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIH)  Caused by: o Poor training o Improper equipment o Improper nutrition o Insufficient warm-up and/or stretching after exercise o Genetics Get off my leg

 Ankle Sprain  Bruises  Concussions  Groin Strain  Hamstring Strain  Knee Joint Injuries  Stress Fractures

 “Injury to one or more of the ligaments in the ankle” -American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)  Most common athletic injury  Inversion sprain: “rolling” of ankle  Eversion sprain: uncommon o Contact with another athlete o Incorrect shoes o Discrepancy of playing surface That looks painful!

 Treatment: o RICE (Rest, Ice, Elevation, Compression)  Sports: o Volleyball o Soccer o Football o Basketball

 Warm up before exercise  Proper footwear/ Don’t wear high heels  Maintain good muscle strength and flexibility  Play sports that you are conditioned for Stability training

 “An area of skin discoloration” “ National Institutes of Health”  Contusion/Hematoma  3 types of bruises: o Subcutaneous- beneath the skin o Intramuscular- within underlying muscle o Periosteal- bone bruise OUCH!

 Treatment: o Rest o Ice o Elevation o Tylenol (reduce pain)  Sports: o All contact sports

 Wear proper sports equipment  Be mindful of your body  Avoid contact sports

 “Type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head” o “Centers for Disease Control and Prevention”  Most occur without loss of consciousness  Result of a hard hit  Brain moves rapidly back and forth

 Treatment: o Remove athlete from play o Evaluation from a health care professional o Have parents fill out a fact sheet o Keep athlete out of play until cleared  Sports: o Football o Soccer o Basketball o Hockey o Volleyball

 Preseason: o Check with school for policies o Have a concussion action plan o Get checked out by Athletic Trainers  During Season: o Wear proper equipment o Avoid head-to-head contact o Be alert to opponents/teammates/ball

 “Pain in the groin” According to abouthealth.com  A muscle pull  Adductors are stretched beyond limits  Sudden change of direction  Common in field/court sports

 Treatment: o RICE (Rest Ice Compression Elevation) o Gentle groin stretches  Sports: o Soccer o Football o Volleyball o Basketball o Field Hockey o Baseball

 Proper warm up and stretching: o Standing groin stretch o Seated groin and inner thigh stretch o Hip flexor stretch

 One of the most common injuries  Acute/sudden: o Sprinting related o Stretch related  Treatment: o RICE o Sports massage o Electrotherapy o Ultrasound  Sports: o Track o Soccer o Field hockey

 Stretching exercises  Strengthening/training  Maintaining fitness  Proper warm up  Conditioning

 ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injury: o Changing direction/cutting o Landing after a jump with a sudden slowing down o Makes a “pop” sound  MCL (medial collateral ligament) injury: o Sudden twisting force through the knee o 3 grades: Partial tear Incomplete tear Complete tear  MCL injury MCL injury YIKES!

 Treatment: o RICE o Strengthening/physical therapy  Sports: o Volleyball o Basketball o Soccer o Field hockey o Football

 Strength and conditioning  Staying in shape  Wear proper sports gear  Stretch before and after sports  Knee brace (if previously injured)

 “Tiny cracks in the bone” “SportsMD”  Constant overuse and distress in an area  Pain increases  Crack in the bone widens  Ache and swelling in the site

 Treatment: o Rest o Walking boot or brace o Cast/crutches o Physical therapy  Sports: o High impact o Repetitive movements o Baseball (pitching) o Track and Field o Basketball

 Eat a nutritious diet  Use proper equipment and shoes  Strength, plyometrics, and core training  Stretch before, during, and after play Plyos

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