Chapter 15: Nervous System and Behavioral Health medical terminology

Chapter 15 Abbreviations CNS ADD ADHD CP CVA HA LOC MS TIA central nervous system attention deficit disorder attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cerebral palsy cerebrovascular accident headache loss of consciousness multiple sclerosis transient ischemic attack (little strokes)

Chapter 15 Abbreviations CSF ICP CT EEG LP MRI A&O PERL BA ETOH cerebrospinal fluid intracranial pressure computerized tomography electroencephalogram lumbar puncture magnetic resonance imaging alert and oriented pupils equal and react to light blood alcohol (drinking alcohol) ethyl alcohol (drinking alcohol)

The Nervous System Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and may be divided into two parts: CNS (brain & spinal cord) & PNS (all other nerves) Function Forms a complex communication system allowing for the coordination of body functions and activities Also designed to detect changes inside and outside the body, to evaluate this sensory info., and to send directions to muscles or glands in response Mental activities such as thought, memory, and emotions

The Nervous System

The Nervous System Organs of the CNS Brain contained within the cranium, the center for coordinating body activities cerebrum: largest portion of the brain, divided into left and right hemispheres. Controls the skeletal muscles, interprets general senses (such as temp., pain, and touch), and contains centers for sight and hearing. Intellect, memory, and emotional reactions also take place in the cerebrum ventricles: spaces within the brain that contain a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid, which flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord

The Nervous System brainstem cerebellum: located under the posterior portion of the cerebrum. Assist in the coordination of skeletal muscles and to maintain balance (hindbrain) brainstem stemlike portion of the brain that connects with the spinal cord. 10 of 12 cranial nerves originate here pons: literally means bridge. Connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum and brainstem medulla oblongata: located between the pons and spinal cord. It contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, and the muscles in the blood vessel walls, which assist in determining blood pressure midbrain: most superior portion of the brainstem

The Nervous System cerebrospinal fluid spinal cord clear, colorless fluid contained in the ventricles. It cushions the brain and spinal cord from shock, transports nutrients, and clears metabolic waste spinal cord passes through the vertebral canal extending from the medulla oblongata to the level of the second lumbar vertebra. Conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain and initiates reflex action to sensory information without input from the brain meninges: three layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord (dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater)

The Nervous System dura mater: tough outer layer of the meninges arachnoid: delicate middle layer of the meninges. Loosely attached to the pia mater by weblike fibers, which allow for the subarachnoid space pia mater: thin inner layer of the meninges

The Nervous System Organs of the PNS nerve cordlike structure made up of fibers that carries impulses from one part of the body to another. 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves ganglion (pl. ganglia): group of nerve cell bodies located outside the CNS glia: specialized cells that support and nourish nervous tissue. Some cells assist in the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid and others assist with phagocytosis. They do not conduct impulses. Three types are astroglia, oligodendroglia, and microglia (also called neuroglia)

The Nervous System neuron: a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses to carry out the function of the nervous system. Destroyed neurons cannot be replaced.

Word Parts for the Nervous System Combining Form Definition cerebell/o cerebr/o dur/o encephal/o gangli/o, ganglion/o mening/o, meningi/o cerebellum – balance and coordination portion of brain cerebrum – thinking part of brain dura mater, outermost meninge brain ganglion (collection of nerve endings outside CNS) meninges – 3 layers around brain and spinal cord (dura, pia, arachnoid)

Word Parts for the Nervous System Combining Form Definition myel/o neur/o radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o spinal cord nerve nerve root (anterior and posterior fibers from spinal cord that comprise spinal nerve)

Word Parts commonly used with Nervous System Combining Form Definition esthesi/o ment/o, psych/o mon/o phas/o quadr/i sensation, feeling mind one, single speech four

Word Parts for the Nervous System Suffix Definition -iatrist -iatry -ictal -paresis specialist, physician specialty, study of or field of seizure, attack slight paralysis

Med Terms (from word parts) [Disease & Disorders] Definition cerebellitis cerebral thrombosis duritis encephalitis encephalomalacia encephalomyeloradiculitis gangliitis meningioma meningitis meningocele

Med Terms (from word parts) [Disease & Disorders] Definition meningomyelocele mononeuropathy neuralgia neurasthenia neuritis neuroarthropathy neuroma neuropathy polyneuritis polyneuropathy

Med Terms (from word parts) [Disease & Disorders] Definition radiculitis radiculopathy rhizomeningomyelitis subdural hematoma

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Disease & Disorders] Definition cerebral aneurysm cerebral embolism dementia aneurysm in the cerebrum an embolus lodges in a cerebral artery, causing sudden blockage of blood supply to the brain tissue. A common cause of cerebral embolism, a type of ischemic stroke, is atrial fibrillation cognitive impairment characterized by a loss of intellectual brain function. Patients have difficulty in various ways, including difficulty in performing complex tasks, reasoning, learning and retaining new information, orientation, word finding, and behavior

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Disease & Disorders] Definition epilepsy hydrocephalus sciatica condition characterized by recurrent seizures; a general term given to a group of neurologic disorders, all characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the brain increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain, which can cause enlargement of the cranium in infants inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain that travels from the thigh through the leg to the foot and toes; can be caused by injury, infection, arthritis, herniated disk, or from prolonged pressure on the nerve from sitting for long periods

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Disease & Disorders] Definition stroke occurs when there is an interruption of blood supply to a region of the brain, depriving nerve cells in the affected area of oxygen and nutrients. The cells cannot perform and may be damaged or die within minutes. The parts of the body controlled by the involved cells will experience dysfunction Speech, movement, memory, and other CNS functions may be affected in varying degrees. Ischemic stroke is a result of a blocked blood vessel, Hemorrhagic stroke is a result of bleeding. (also called cerebrovascular accident [CVA], or brain attack)

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Disease & Disorders] Definition transient ischemic attack (TIA) sudden deficient supply of blood to the brain lasting a short time. Symptoms may be similar to those of stroke, but with TIA the symptoms are temporary and the usual outcome is complete recovery. TIAs are often warning signs for eventual occurrence of a stroke

Med Terms (from word parts) [Surgical Terms] Definition ganglionectomy neurectomy neurolysis neuroplasty neurorrhaphy neurotomy radicotomy rhizotomy

Med Terms (from word parts) [Diagnostic Terms] Definition DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING cerebral angiography NEURODIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES electroencephalogram (EEG) electroencephalograph electroencephalography

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Diagnostic Terms] Definition computed tomography of the brain (CT scan) process that includes the use of a computer to produce a series of brain tissue images at any desired depth. Procedure is painless and particularly useful in diagnosing brain tumors

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Diagnostic Imaging] Definition magnectic resonance imaging of the brain or spine (MRI scan) a noninvasive technique that produces sectional images of soft tissues of the brain or spine through a strong magnetic field. Unlike a CT scan, MRI produces images w/o use of radiation Used to visualize tumors, edema, multiple sclerosis, and herniated disks

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Diagnostic Terms] Definition positron emission tomography of the brain (PET scan) nuclear medicine imaging techniqe with a radioactive substance that produces sectional imaging of the brain to examine blood flow and metabolic activity. images are projected on a viewing screen

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Diagnostic Imaging] Definition lumbar puncture (LP) insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. It is performed for many reasons, including the removal of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes (also called spinal tap)

Med Terms (from word parts) [Complementary Terms] Definition anesthesia aphasia cephalalgia cerebral craniocerebral dysphasia encephalosclerosis hemiparesis hemiplegia hyperesthesia

Med Terms (from word parts) [Complementary Terms] Definition interictal intracerebral mental monoparesis monoplegia myelomalacia neuroid neurologist neurology panplegia

Med Terms (from word parts) [Complementary Terms] Definition paresthesia postictal preictal quadriplegia subdural

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Complementary Terms] Definition afferent ataxia cognitive coma concussion conveying toward a center (i.e. afferent nerves carry impulses to the central nervous system) lack of muscle coordination pert. to the mental processes of comprehension, judgment, memory, and reason state of profound unconsciousness injury to the brain caused by major or minor head trauma; symptoms include vertigo, headache, and possible loss of consciousness

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Complementary Terms] Definition conscious convulsion disorientation efferent gait awake, alert, aware of one’s surroundings sudden, involuntary contraction of a group of muscles; may be present during a seizure a state of mental confusion as to time, place, or identity conveying away from the center (i.e. efferent nerves carry information away from the central nervous system) a manner or style of walking

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Complementary Terms] Definition incoherent paraplegia seizure shunt unable to express one’s thought or ideas in an orderly, intelligible manner paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord sudden surge of abnormal electrical activity in the brain, resulting in involuntary body movements or behaviors tube implanted in the body to redirect the flow of a fluid

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Complementary Terms] Definition syncope unconsciousness fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum state of being unaware of surrounding and incapable of responding to stimuli as a result of injury, shock, illness, or drugs

Med Terms (from word parts) [Behavioral Health] Definition psychiatrist psychiatry psychogenic psychologist psychology psychopathy psychosis (pl. psychoses) psychosomatic

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Behavioral Health] DELETED TERMS anorexia nervosa anxiety disorder attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) autism bipolar disorder bulimia nervosa major depression obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) panic attack phobia pica posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) schizophrenia somatoform disorders

Neurological Assessment A + O x 3 = alert and oriented times three (person place and time) [alert – what does the patient respond to? – voice, touch, pain] PERL – pupils equal and reactive to light Mentation – ability to think Reflexes LOC = level of consciousness or loss of consciousness