History of Marine Science 10,000 B.C. – 800 A.D.

Homework Read Chapter 2 Pages Answer study questions 1-5 p 2-4 Be prepared to answer the two questions on page 2-2 in class What are the 3 reasons to learn the history of Oceanography? What are the four main stages in the history of oceanography?

_________ people used bone to make harpoons. __________ people made fishing hooks and nets more than 10,000 years ago.

________- refuse (garbage dump) of shells and bones found in piles near beachfronts. Give clues to what was eaten by these prehistoric peoples.

Simple rafts such as these trees lashed together were mans first attempts at navigation. Man’s first relationship with the sea was based on the finding of _____.

Paleolithic people made bone ___________ to fish from shore. 1.Nets 2.Fishing Hooks 3.Harpoons 4.Knives

Over 10,000 years ago _________ people made fishing nets and hooks to fish. 1.Neolithic 2.Paleolithic 3.Modern 4.No

A Midden is a garbage dump. 1.True 2.False

Fastest Responders (in seconds) 1.84Dominick Guastella 3.53Charles Badman 3.93Kristy Benevento 4.52Katherine Petryczka 4.71Douglas Miller

The first sea voyage? The earliest recorded sea voyage took place around ___________under the leadership of the Egyptian Pharaoh Snefru Historians and Scientists believe that seafaring was commonplace for some time before that in ancient Egypt

Other firsts….. First voyage of exploration documented around _________ B.C. Egyptians entombed an entire ship (reed boat) in the _____________________ This gives us the earliest glimpse of a ancient ship building

Boat of ________

The Phoenicians The Phoenician Empire centered in what is now modern day Libya is today The established the first _______ ______ _________ as far as the British Isles. Early Phoenician Coin depicting Phoenician war ship Notice the Sea Monster!

The Oldest Shipwreck Marine Archeologist _________found this ship which dates back to around _______ (King Tut was the Pharaoh of Egypt at the time of its sailing) The ship itself has disappeared but the cargo remained largely intact

Phoenician Ships

______years ago Polynesian and Micronesian navigators were making some of mankind’s greatest voyages of discovery. Within 2500 years they had settled almost every island in the Pacific – an area of about _______ _____________

Simple yet extremely effective!! Imagine Traveling thousands of miles on the open ocean in one of these

A __________________ ______is a sophisticated navigation aid based on knowledge the directions of approaching swells as well as wave refraction. Polynesians also used the stars to explore Micronesia in their double- hulled canoes.

Marshallese sailors navigating with a “stick chart.”

Kon Tiki In 1947 _______ _____________ built a replica of a _________________ to see if such a craft was capable of sailing thousands of miles in the open ocean. Sailing from Peru to Movie and Book were produced from this adventure The trip lasted _____ days and the 5 men traveled over ______ ________

The Kon Tiki Raft at the Kon Tiki Museum in Oslo Norway

Earliest recorded sea voyage was by the 1.Polynesians 2.Egyptians 3.Phoenicians 4.Europeans

The earliest surviving ship was entombed in the 1.Pyramid of Snefru 2.Pyramid of Khufu 3.Pyramid of Tut 4.None of the above

The Marine Archeologist who found the oldest shipwreck 1.Robert Ballard 2.George Bass 3.James Cook 4.John Harrison

The Polynesians sailed the ________ Ocean in double hulled canoes 1.Atlantic 2.Indian 3.Pacific 4.Polynesian

The Kon Tiki voyage lasted 1.2 weeks 2.1 year days days

Fastest Responders (in seconds)

Greek Exploration and Discovery Greek contributions are mainly in the areas of Navigation and Cartography (map making) _________ determined that tides can be predicted based on the phases of the Moon. Born: 380 AD Died: 310 AD.

Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth. He also invented the first Latitude Longitude system (irregular) __________ improved on his system and we still use this regular grid system today! Over 2000 years later!!!! Eratosthenes Hipparchus

Maps ____________ – the “Father of History” Publishes _____________ in 450 BC No copies survive This is what they Believe it looked like

______ determined that tides can be predicted based on the phases of the Moon 1.Eratosthenes 2.Hipparchus 3.Pytheas 4.Plato

__________ published the first map of 450 BC 1.Herodotus 2.Aristophanes 3.Hipparchus 4.Eratosthenes

The grid system invented and perfected by the Greeks is know today as 1.Graphing 2.Latitude and Longitude 3.GPS 4.Mapping

Fastest Responders (in seconds) 0Participant 1 0Participant 2 0Participant 3 0Participant 4 0Participant 5