Unit V Test Review United States History Mr. Zambrano

WoMeN’s Involvement in WWI = Women’s Rights to Vote After much work by women during World War I, demands for suffrage grew. As a result of their efforts during WWI, Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment in 1919 and states ratified it in The 19 th Amendment guaranteed women the right to vote.

The Teapot Dome Scandal Oil-rich public lands in Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills, California were set aside for the U.S. Navy. Land was transferred illegally by Albert B. Fall from the Navy to the Interior Department, then it was secretly leased to two private oil companies Albert B. Fall was given $400,000 in illegal money He was found guilty of bribery and became the first American to be convicted of a felony while holding a government post. The Teapot Dome scandal showed the corruption in the Harding presidency and led Americans to begin second guessing their government.

Wealth in the 1920s During the 1920s most of the nations wealth was in the hands of a few large corporations.

RADIO COMES OF AGE  Radio and movies were the most powerful communications medium to emerge in the 1920s  News was delivered faster and to a larger audience  Like radio, movies allowed people across the country to share popular culture

Changes in the Early 1900s: Mass Production Henry Ford and other industrialists used assembly lines to increase the speed of production… Thus, the automobile industry used mass production more efficiently than other industries.

Impact of the Automobile The automobile launched the rapid construction of gasoline stations, repair shops, public garages, motels, tourist camps, and shopping centers. The automobile liberated the isolated rural family.

Modern Advertising Advertising companies hired psychologists to study how to appeal to people’s desire for youthfulness, beauty, health, and wealth. Due to an influx of new consumer goods modern advertisement emerged.

1920s Advertising

SACCO & VANZETTI Two Italian immigrants who were arrested for robbery & murder in Massachusetts. Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Nicola Sacco (Dedham courthouse, 1923)

Many protested the conviction…They believed it was based on a fear of foreigners. Sacco and Vanzetti were found guilty because of their ethnicity and because they were immigrants

Ku Klux Klan KKK The KKK was revived because of the Red Scare and because of nativist attitudes against immigration. During the 1920s the KKK targeted African-Americans, Catholics, and Jews.

EMERGENCY QUOTA SYSTEM (1921) Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act of It set a limit on how many immigrants from each country could enter the U.S. each year. In 1924, a new quota limited immigration from Eastern & Southern Europe…mostly Jews & Roman Catholics.

PALMER RAIDS Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer set up an agency in the Justice Dept. to arrest communists, socialists, & anarchists (later became FBI). The Palmer Raids trampled the Bill of Rights.

LINDBERGH’S FLIGHT  America’s most beloved hero of the 1920s wasn’t an athlete but a small- town pilot named Charles Lindbergh  Lindbergh made the first nonstop solo trans-Atlantic flight  He took off from NYC in the Spirit of St. Louis and arrived in Paris 33 hours later to a hero’s welcome

PROHIBITION  The 18 th Amendment was passed in 1920  This Amendment launched the era known as Prohibition  The new law made it illegal to make, sell or transport liquor Prohibition lasted from 1920 to 1933 when it was repealed by the 21 st Amendment

Volstead Act The Volstead Act was passed to enforce the 18 th Amendment. It was unsuccessful because it was poorly funded and lacked support.

ORGANIZED CRIME  Prohibition contributed to the growth of organized crime in every major city, it gave criminals a new source of income, and disrespect for the law through bootlegging & smuggling increased.  Chicago became notorious as the home of Al Capone – a famous bootlegger  Capone took control of the Chicago liquor business by killing off his competition Al Capone was finally convicted on tax evasion charges in 1931

THE FLAPPER  During the 1920s, a new ideal emerged for some women: the Flapper  A Flapper was an emancipated young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes

SCOPES TRIAL  In March 1925, Tennessee passed the nation’s first law that made it a crime to teach evolution  The ACLU promised to defend any teacher willing to challenge the law – John Scopes did. Scopes was a biology teacher who dared to teach his students that man derived from lower species

THE LOST GENERATION  Some writers such as Hemingway and John Dos Passos, and F. Scott Fitzgerald were so soured by American culture that they chose to settle in Europe  In Paris they formed a group that one writer called, “The Lost Generation”  They ridiculed Americans for their greed and materialism. John Dos Passos self – portrait. He was a good amateur painter.

Ernest Hemingway  Ernest Hemingway, wounded in World War I, became one of the best- known authors of the era  In his novels, The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms, he criticized the glorification of war  His simple, straightforward style of writing set the literary standard Hemingway

Great Migration  Between 1910 and 1920, the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities Migration of the Negro by Jacob Lawrence

AFRICAN AMERICAN GOALS  Founded in 1909, the NAACP urged African Americans to protest racial violence  NAACP also fought for legislation to protect African-Americans and worked with anti- lynching organizations.  W.E.B Dubois, a founding member, led a march of 10,000 black men in NY to protest violence

MARCUS GARVEY - UNIA  Marcus Garvey believed that African Americans should build a separate society (Africa)  In 1914, Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association  Garvey claimed a million members by the mid- 1920s  He left a powerful legacy of black pride, economic independence and Pan- Africanism  He called for African- Americans to return to Africa Garvey represented a more radical approach

HARLEM RENAISSANCE  Harlem, NY became the largest black urban community  In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival among African- Americans.  The Harlem Renaissance was led by well-educated blacks with a new sense of pride in the African- American experience

LANGSTON HUGHES  Missouri-born Langston Hughes was the movement’s best known poet  Many of his poems described the difficult lives of working-class blacks

LOUIS ARMSTRONG  Jazz was born in the early 20 th century  In 1922, a young trumpet player named Louis Armstrong joined the Creole Jazz Band  Armstrong is considered the most important and influential musician in the history of jazz

DUKE ELLINGTON  In the late 1920s, Duke Ellington, a jazz pianist and composer, led his ten-piece orchestra at the famous Cotton Club  Ellington won renown as one of America’s greatest composers