Wilderness Champions Wilderness Stew Wilderness By The Numbers ALDO

The principal author of The Wilderness Act

Who is: HOWARD ZAHNISER  Executive Secretary of The Wilderness Society, ,  Legislation first introduced in 1956; 65 rewrites, 18 public hearings,  Longtime federal employee prior to joining the staff of TWS,  Eloquent wordsmith, he chose the word “untrammeled” as the right word to characterize Wilderness in the Act.

Advocate for, and champion of, the first USFS administrative wilderness area

Who is: ALDO LEOPOLD  Gila Wilderness Area in New Mexico  574,000 acres in 1924  Namesake for the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute (ALWRI)

The first “Landscape Architect” in the U.S. Forest Service, he advocated preservation of Trappers Lake and the Boundary Waters in their natural conditions.

Who is: ARTHUR CARHART  Tasked in 1919 with planning roads and 200+ waterfront vacation cabin sites at Trappers Lake on White River NF in CO; and later on several lakes in northern Minnesota.  Trappers Lake is now within the 235,000-acre Flat Tops Wilderness; and the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness is nearly 813,000 acres.  Namesake for the Arthur Carhart National Wilderness Training Center (ACNWTC)

This son of a wealthy New York lawyer was renown for his strength and endurance. He served as Direction of Recreation and Lands for the U.S. Forest Service in the 1930s.

Who is: BOB MARSHALL A co-founder of The Wilderness Society in 1935, Author of the USFS “U-Regulations”, which prevented road construction, timber harvest, hotels/lodges/permanent camps on more than 14 million acres of national forest lands; by designating agency-administered wildernesses, wild areas, and roadless areas, Namesake for “The Bob” – the Bob Marshall Wilderness – more than a million acres in western Montana.

While many human activities are allowed, encouraged, and compatible with Wilderness, some are not. Name three “uses” that are prohibited by The Wilderness Act.

What are: o Commercial Enterprises o Permanent Roads o Temporary Roads o Use of Motor Vehicles o Use of Motorized Equipment o Use of Motorboats o Landing of Aircraft o Other Forms of Mechanical Transport o Structures o Installations  Section 4c

The closest Wilderness to the Wilderness Skills Institute, and the Cradle of Forestry in America (Brevard, N.C.).

What is: SHINING ROCK WILDERNESS  Largest in N.C., 18,483 acres.  Designated in 1964, one of only three in the East designated by the original Wilderness Act.  Borders Middle Prong Wilderness, 7,460 acres.  Heavy recreation use, 3 peaks > 6,000’.  Managed by the U.S. Forest Service.

Name either the Largest, or the Smallest, Wilderness in the National Wilderness Preservation System.

What are ( either ): Wrangell-Saint Elias Wz, AK, 9million ac Death Valley Wz, CA,NV 3million ac (largest in Lower 48) Pelican Island Wz, FL 6 ac

This person is known as the “Granddad of Eastern Wilderness”.

Who is: ERNIE DICKERMAN  Wilderness Society staffer  President of the Virginia Wilderness Committee  Fought road-building in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park  Challenged the USFS position that few areas in the east qualified as wilderness, because not “pristine” or “untouched”.  Congress passed Public Law in 1975, commonly referred to as the “Eastern Wilderness Areas Act”.

Year that The Wilderness Act was passed, and became law.

What is: (or When was:) 1964  Passed by Congress with only one “no” vote, signed by President Lyndon Johnson on Sept 3,1964.  Established the NATIONAL WILDERNESS PRESERVATION SYSTEM (NWPS) and designated 54 Wildernesses in 13 states, 9.1 million acres.  Other 1964 laws: Civil Rights Act, Economic Opportunity Act (created Job Corps), Land & Water Conservation Act (enacted in 1965)  2014 will mark the 50 th Anniversary of Wilderness !

How many Wildernesses (or Wilderness Areas) are there now ?

What is:  As of May 2013, there are 757 Wildernesses, in 44 states and the territory of Puerto Rico, totalling nearly 110,000,000 acres.

How many federal agencies manage one or more Wildernesses (or Wilderness Areas) ?

What is: 4 Agency # of WzAcres. Bureau of Land Management221 8,750,000 US Fish & Wildlife Service 71 20,700,000 National Park Service 60 43,900,000 US Forest Service ,200,000 (some Wildernesses are managed by more than one agency) {BLM,NPS, and USFWS are all USDOI agencies.} {USFS is a USDA agency.}

How much Wilderness is there? - specifically - What percentage of the land in the United States is Wilderness?

What is: 5%  In the “Lower 48 States”, excluding Alaska, 2.7% of the land is Wilderness.

A forester by training, and an early champion of wilderness preservation, Aldo is perhaps better known as the “father of _____________”

What is ( either ): WILDLIFE (GAME) MANAGEMENT, or A LAND ETHIC (Either Response is Acceptable)

The name of Aldo’s most famous book.

What is: “A Sand County Almanac”  Full Title: “A Sand County Almanac And Sketches Here and There”  Not published until 1949, after his death.

Leopold described as a defining moment in his thinking, and in his development of a land ethic, an event early in his USFS career, observing an old, gun-shot wolf, “watching a _ _ _ dying in her eyes.”

What is: “a fierce green fire”  “Green Fire” is the title of Leopold’s 2011 DVD biography.  The WOLF logo is one of the symbols of WILDERNESS.

In 1948, at age 61, Leopold died of a heart attack while doing this.

What is: Fighting a grass fire on a neighbor’s farm.