Notes – Muscle Energy & Disorders

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Presentation transcript:

Notes – Muscle Energy & Disorders

Review Epimysium (outer covering of muscle) Perimysium (covering fascicle) Endomysium (covers each muscle fiber) Fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers)

Myofibril (bundle in each muscle cell – made of actin & myosin)

Z - line H - zone A band I band sarcomere Which band is the thin filament? ACTIN Which band is the thick filament? MYOSIN

What are the 8 steps of muscle contraction? Step 1: action potential to muscle Step 2: ACETYLCHOLINE released from neuron Step 3: acetylcholine binds to muscle cell membrane Step 4: Na+ diffuse into muscle, action potential started Step 5: Calcium ions bind to actin Step 6: myosin attaches to actin, crossbridges formed Step 7: myosin pulls on the actin causing it to slide over myosin Step 8: ATP attaches to myosin to provide energy

Still More Interesting Muscle Facts How many muscles does it take to produce human speech? 72 different muscles

16 separate muscles – most people think its just 1 How many muscles make up the human tongue? 16 separate muscles – most people think its just 1

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION ATP (adenosine triphosphate) produced by aerobic respiration (with O2) or anaerobic respiration (without O2) ATP used in long continuous exercise (EX: distance running) Aerobic Respiration fat is used for the fuel to make ATP with oxygen

Anaerobic Respiration typically occurs during short periods of intense exercise body uses CREATINE PHOSPHATE for energy (10-15 seconds) body then switches to GLUCOSE for fuel lactic acid is produced – fatigue & oxygen debt results

Disorder of Muscle Tissue Cramps & Spasms an “over contraction” – can be due to electrolyte imbalance, fatigue, overuse

Hernia a tear in wall of muscle – can be congenital, or from severe strain

ABDOMINAL HERNIA

Muscle Tear aka: “pulled” muscle or strained muscle – caused by overstretching of muscle during activity Torn Pectoralis Major muscle fibers actually tear apart

Hamstring Muscle Tear

Hypertrophy increase in the size of muscle fibers EX - Governor of California

Atrophy decrease in size of muscle fiber

Types of Movements (terminology) Origin where a muscle begins Insertion where a muscle ends Action motion produced

Flexion joint angle gets smaller

Extension joint angle gets larger

hyperextension movement beyond 180o of joint motion

abduction movement away from midline of body

adduction movement toward midline of body