Tom, Rachel, Katherine Forensic Anthropology. Introduction The main bones we’re interested in: Cranium/Skull Pelvis Tibia Femur *Humerus.

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Tom, Rachel, Katherine Forensic Anthropology

Introduction The main bones we’re interested in: *Cranium/Skull *Pelvis *Tibia *Femur *Humerus

What Can We Learn? Determination of Sex: -Pelvis -Skull Determination of Race: -Skull Approximate Age: -Growth of long bones Approximate Stature: -Length of long bones

Determination of Sex The Pelvis is the best area to study sex -Females have wider sub pubic angles for giving birth

Determination of Sex The Cranium/Skull is also very helpful in determining sex - Men’s chins are significantly more square and their ridges and crests are more pronounced

Determination of Race Forensic Anthropologists place bones in three races: Caucasian, Asian and African It’s very difficult to determine race because many people are biracial and also not all individuals have skeletal traits that are consistent w/ their race The nasal index (the ratio of the width to the height of the nose multiplied by 100), nasal spine, prognathism (extended lower jaw), and the shape of the eye orbits all help determine race

Determination of Race Caucasian -Nasal index: <.48 -Nasal Spine: Prominent -Prognathism: Straight -Eye orbitals: Rounded, somewhat square

Determination of Race Asian: -Nasal index: Nasal Spine: somewhat prominent -Prornathism: Variable -Eye orbitals: Rounded, somewhat circular

Determination of Race African: -Nasal index:>.53 -Nasal Spine: Very small spine -Prognathism:Prognathic -Eye orbitals: Rectangular or square

Determination of Age We use teeth, bone fusion, the hardness, wear and tear, and any damages to determine age

Determination of Age 0-5: teeth are best 6-25: fusion starts and ends at about bones are very hard 40+: wear and tear on bones

Determination of Stature Our long bone length (femur, tibia, humerus) is proportional to height Formula for height: 2.89(humerus length) (all in cm) Example: If the humerus length=30.8, their height would be determined by 2.89(30.8) cm

Miscellaneous Information We can find out how they died based on any trauma (gunshots to head, etc.) Any evidence of post mortem trauma such as bite-marks (cannibalism) Any activities the victim enjoyed, example: You can find out different activities the victim liked based on their damage and “wear and tear” in certain areas of their body