Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body Chapter 23. Origin of Primary Tissues Primary growth- formation of primary tissues. –Primary plant body.

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Presentation transcript:

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body Chapter 23

Origin of Primary Tissues Primary growth- formation of primary tissues. –Primary plant body.

Growth and Development Development- the sum total of events that lead to the formation of the plant body. Growth- an irreversible increase in size. –Cell division –Cell enlargement Apical Meristems- regions of tissue at the tips of shoots and roots that forms new cells. –Meristematic tissue. Much of the plant undergoes unlimited or prolonged growth of the apical meristems= indeterminate.

Morphogenesis and Differentiation Morphogenesis- the development of form. Differentiation- a process by which a relatively unspecialized cell undergoes a progressive change to form a more specialized cell.

Internal Organization of the Plant Body Tissue- a group of similar cells organized into a structural and functional unit. Tissue System- a tissue or group of tissues organized into a structural and functional unit; larger units of the plant body. There are 3 Tissue Systems –Ground –Vascular –Dermal

Ground Tissue Parenchyma –Polyhedral to round in shape. –Occur throughout the plant body. –Photosynthesis, storage, and secretion. Collenchyma –Elongate in shape. –Occur beneath the epidermis in young stems. –Support young growing tissues. Sclerenchyma- fibers and sclereids. –Long or stellate in shape. –Occur throughout the plant body. –Support (strengthen) and storage.

Vascular Tissue #1 Xylem- principal water- conducting tissue in vascular plants; dead at maturity; lignified. Tracheary Elements –Tracheid- elongate and tapering; pits, but no perforations; seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and some angiosperms. –Vessel element- elongate; pits and perforations; angiosperms.

Vascular Tissue #2 Phloem- principal food-conducting tissue in vascular plants; living at maturity; not lignified. Gymnosperm Sieve Elements –Sieve cell- elongate & tapering; with sieve areas. –Albuminous cell- elongate & tapering; delivers substances to sieve cells. Angiosperm Sieve Elements –Sieve-tube element- elongate & tapering; with a sieve plate. –Companion cell- variable; delivers substances to sieve-tube elements.

Dermal Tissue Epidermis- outermost cell layer of the primary plant body. –Variable in shape; guard cells and trichomes. –Outermost layer of plant body. –Protective (cuticle and water loss) and aeration (stomata). Periderm- secondary protective tissues. –Rectangular in shape; cork cells. –Beneath the epidermis. –Protective and aeration (lenticels); replaces epidermis.