Life in Extreme Environment Life in deep freeze: Lake Vostok, Antarctica Readings: Nature, 415, 828-830 Science, 286, 2138-2141 Science, 286, 2141-2144.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Cryosphere (Frozen water). The shape of ice crystals cause ice to be less dense than liquid water This causes Ice to float with about 9% of the ice volume.

Advertisements

Climate Change: Past, Present and Future. Warm up: 1.Sketch a graph (Global Temperature vs. Time) for the past 20,000 years and predict how climate has.

The Hydrosphere.

Section 9.1 Discovering Past Climates

Antarctic Ice Core Results to Date Amanda Solomon Geology 495 February 15, 2006.

E.T. ( E UROPA T RAVELERS ). GREEN TEAM Mission Principle Investigator : Min Ki Kim Co – Investigator : Young Been Choi : Jae Wook Choi : Yong Hyeon Jang.

Jupiter Cody and Brett. Introduction Jupiter is the fifth planet from the sun. If it were a hollow planet, over one thousand Earths could fit inside.

Mars ASTR-3040 Astrobiology Day 18. Homework Chapter 8 Due Thurs. March 31 3, 7, 13, 23, 30, 32, 41, 46, 51, 52 Plus (49 or 50) if you've read one of.

1 The Jovian Planets. 2 Topics l Introduction l Images l General Properties l General Structure l Jupiter l Summary.

Reading: Chapter 4 Lecture 25. Snowball Earth vs. Slushball Earth..

Astronomy190 - Topics in Astronomy Astronomy and Astrobiology Lecture 3 : A Tour of the Solar System Ty Robinson.

EUROPA Joseph T. Wunderlich, Ph.D.. Talk Agenda 1977: NASA Voyager : NASA Voyager : NASA Galileo 2020 ESA/NASA Europa Jupiter System Mission”(EJSM)

- Past climate changes : general presentation and tools - Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok - Byrd, old Dome C and Vostok - The last glacial-interglacial.

Determining Past Climates Sediment cores Ice cores Oxygen isotope ratios Dendrochronology (tree rings )

Subglacial Lakes. Adrienne is exploring East Antarctica!!!! She heard there was a lake in the area and she has been looking for it everywhere! I hope.

Earth Science Chapter 5 Energy Resources Class Notes: Copy everything.

POLAR EXPLORER i EXPLORING SEA LEVEL RISE As a polar explorer you and your team will be collecting evidence of changes occurring throughout the world that.

Drilling for Oil.

Section 3: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere

The sun The sun is a star. It is a huge, spinning, glowing sphere of hot gas. The sun is just like the stars that you see in the night sky. It appears.

Our Solar System - Jupiter Voyager 1 took this photo of the planet Jupiter on Jan. 24, 1979, while still more than 25 million miles away. The Great Red.

Discovering Past Climates

Proxy Records Ice Cores Dendrochronology Sediment records

Section 3: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere

Europa Anton Pires.

Climate Change and its Impact on Life. Making a distinction… Weather is….Climate is….

SCIENCE Test 2: Passage 1.

Ch. 7 Plate Tectonics This is a satellite image of the San Francisco Bay area. The row of lakes below marks the line of the San Andreas fault, a crack.

Homework 7 will be posted shortly YU55 If it had struck land, it might have caused a magnitude seven earthquake and left a city-sized crater. If it has.

GLACIAL ENVIRONMENTS 4 Periglacial processes and landforms: permafrost

Gas Giants. System Giants Jupiter –Fifth planet –5.2 AU from Sun –11 times Earth size –318 times Earth mass –12 year revolution –10 hour day –Metallic.

Energy in the Earth System. In the Earth system… Energy Flows Matter Cycles Life Webs Dr. Art’s Guide to the Planet Earth, Art Sussman, Ph.D.

Earth Science: 7.1A Glaciers. Glaciers  As recently as 15,000 years ago, up to 30 percent of earth’s land was covered by an glacial ice.  Earth was.

3.5 – Records of Past Climates Tree Rings, Fossils Coral Reefs, & Ice Cores.

Lake productivity: Closed systems, nutrient sinks CO 2 and O 2 from air and water Autochthonous vs. allochthonous inputs.

CLIMATE CHANGE THE GREAT DEBATE Session 5.

The Hydrosphere All water on Earth. Hydrosphere Stations Stn 1- A Drop in the Bucket Breaking down the percentages of fresh and salt water Determine amount.

Gas hydrate P-T conditions:

The Outer Planets The Gas Giants.

Phases of Water Paul Doherty.

The Hydrosphere The hydrosphere includes all of the water on or near the Earth’s surface. This includes water in the oceans, lakes, rivers, wetlands, polar.

Chapter 3 Section 3 The Hydrosphere & Biosphere. Objectives Name the three major processes in the water cycle. Describe the properties of ocean water.

Phoenix The Phoenix Mars Mission Doug Lombardi Education and Public Outreach Manager Lunar and Planetary Laboratory The University of Arizona

Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

By Alex H. Elias A. Nina M. Avery S..  Jupiter is the fifth planet in the solar system.  Jupiter is also the closes Jovian planet to the sun.  Jupiter.

Our Essential Question : 6.E.2.1 “What’s Inside the Earth?”

The Dynamic EarthSection 3 Section 3: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere Preview Classroom Catalyst Objectives The Hydrosphere The Water Cycle Earth’s Oceans.

The Hydrosphere The hydrosphere includes all of the water on or near the Earth’s surface. This includes water in the oceans, lakes, rivers, wetlands, polar.

Years before present This graph shows climate change over the more recent 20,000 years. It shows temperature increase and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Is.

BELLWORK: HOW DO GEOLOGISTS LEARN ABOUT EARTH’S INTERIOR?

AS Geography Cold Environments. True or False? 1. 20,000 years ago a third of the land surface of the earth was covered by snow and ice – this included.

CONNOR WALDRON + STEPHEN WALKER MRS. GEITHNER P1 12/10/12 Ice Core Data.

Water in the Atmosphere. The Water Cycle A. Evaporation: Is the process by which water molecules in a liquid escape into air as water vapor. –Requires.

Climate and Weather Suzana J. Camargo. Weather.

PRACTICE: Explain why the atmospheric concentration of CO 2 increases in winter and decreases in summer. SOLUTION:  It’s is all about living carbon sinks.

The Hydrosphere and Biosphere

Chapter 9 Addressing Climate Change. Discovering Past Climates People have been recording weather data for only a few hundred years. To learn about what.

Snowball Earth vs. Slushball Earth..

Classroom Catalyst.

Bethany, Jay, and Michael

The Hydrosphere The hydrosphere includes all of the water on or near Earth’s surface. This includes water in the oceans, lakes, rivers, wetlands, polar.

Climate Cycles & Recent Climate Change.

ASTR/GEOL-2040: Search for life in the Universe: Lecture 26

Chapter 3 Objectives Describe the two types of ocean currents.

Reconstructed Temperature data from the Vostok Ice Core in Antarctica

The Hydrosphere all of the water on or near the Earth’s surface.

Ocean Water Most of the salt in the ocean is sodium chloride, which is made up of the elements sodium and chloride, although many other elements can be.

Ocean Water Most of the salt in the ocean is sodium chloride, which is made up of the elements sodium and chloride, although many other elements can be.

Presentation transcript:

Life in Extreme Environment Life in deep freeze: Lake Vostok, Antarctica Readings: Nature, 415, Science, 286, Science, 286, Science, 286,

Hidden depths: lake Vostok in Antarctica

Surface of Lake Vostok

Field camp of United States Antarctic Program at Vostok

Geophysical Measurements of Lake Vostok

Satellite images of several large lakes at the same scale

Drilling rig

The borehole beneath Vostok station extends into areas of frozen lake water

Time table 1989: drilling started at Russian Antarctic research station of Vostok to obtain information on past climate history 1990’s: evidence accumulated that there was a lake beneath the station 1995: a meeting in UK, decided to stop the drilling before the drilling bits touched the liquid water to contaminate it. 1998: Drilling halted with the borehole some 120 meters from the lake’s surface

Time table 1999: Ice cores from m below analyzed for geochemistry and microbiology Nov, 2001: The group met in Itlay, and outlined a plan to access lake Vostok in 3-6 years. Meeting in Shanghai, China, July of 2002, and revised plan will be released. 10 countries will participate

Lake Vostok 240 km x 50 km 1200 meters deep of liquid water Lake bottom covered by sediment of hundreds of meters thick Temperature is –3oC, but unfrozen Totally dark Low nutrient levels 380 atmosphere pressure Complete isolation for millions of years

Map and Geochemical Characteristics

1999 discoveries Gas content Electrical conductivity measurement Crystal size # of inclusions Isotopic evidence

Isotopic evidence for frozen lake water

Sketch of Vostok core site

SEM and AFM micrographs of microbes from ice core

Epifluorescence and SEM micrographs of microbes from ice cores

Evidence for microbes in ice cores Epifluorescence and SEM evidence –Hundreds to thousands of cells per ml Molecular work –Alpha and beta proteobacteria Heterotrophy Incorporation of radiolabeled compounds LPS concentration Not culutrable

Incorporation of radiolabels

Energy source Glacier ice from above Geothermal energy –Intracontinental rife zone similar to East Africa

Implication Life in Europa – moon of Jupiter

Further information ast10dec99_2.htmhttp://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ ast10dec99_2.htm ostok.htmlhttp:// ostok.html ……