Volcanoes By: Elly Glenn and Carleigh Wellenreiter

Types of Volcanoes The cinder cone volcano is normally 250 meters in height, and 500 meters in diameter. They have gradually sloping sides and have a bowl shaped dome at the top. Cinder cone volcanoes are formed when the lava that shot out of its vent falls back to earth around it forming the unique dome shape.

Composite Volcanoes The composite volcano is usually 8000 feet high. It has very steep sides and is formed when the lava erupts and flows down the sides.

Shield Volcanoes The shield volcano is usually 1,500 feet to 2,000 feet high and, 3 to 4 miles in diameter. Shield volcanoes have gently sloping sides. They are formed when the lava erupts it pours out in all directions.

How the volcanoes differ from one another The difference between the three types of volcanoes is that there's a big difference in size and shape, that’s because of the way the lava acts when it erupts from the central vent. Depending on what type of lava comes up from the mantle you will get a different type of volcano.

continued A shield volcano is formed when basic lava, lava that flows quickly over a large area of land, comes up from the cracks in the mantle. Cinder and composite volcanoes are formed when acidic lava, lava that flows slowly over a small area of land.

Why volcanoes occur Volcanoes occur when the Earth’s plates pull apart causing magma to rise to the surface. Volcanoes may also occur when one plate dives beneath another plate. Most are concentrated on the edge of continents, along island chains, or beneath the sea forming mountain ranges.

continued Plate tectonics is the earths crust that slides across the asthenosphere. It slides across the asthenosphere because of the moving magma beneath it. As the cooled material warms up it rises again. The plates move in a pattern called the convection cell that form when warm material rises, cools, and sinks down.

Where volcanoes occur Volcanoes occur on the edges of plates. A large fraction of the worlds volcanoes are located in a region in the South Pacific called the Ring of Fire. It houses 452 volcanoes and 75% of the worlds dormant and active volcanoes. Volcanoes also occur in islands in Japan and Hawaii. This area got its name because of the hot fiery lava in constant motion beneath the surface of water.

continued Volcanoes form when magma flows up threw cracks and hardens slowly forming a volcano. A hot spot is a place where a volcano has formed by a rising plume of magma that isn’t located at a plate boundary. Some known hotspot volcanoes are Yellowstone, Hawaii, Iceland, St. Helena, St. Paul, Galapagos, and Bowie.

What hazards can volcanoes produce for people living near them Volcanoes produce a wide variety of hazards that can kill people and destroy property. Large explosive eruptions can endanger people from hundreds of miles away, and even can effect the climate. Volcanoes cause gases during eruptions even when a volcano is not erupting it can allow gases through cracks to reach the surface.

continued Those small openings are called fumaroles. These gases can cause acid rain and destroy nature. High speed avalanches of hot ash, rock fragments, and gas can move down sides of the volcano. This is called pyroclastic flow. Landslides of lava also can happen. Tips Keep food and water in a safe area. Keep a volcano safety pack with you. You can prevent getting caught in landslides and pyroclastic flows by studying where previous lava flowed.

More safety tips Keep a kit that includes: goggles, masks, flashlights, battery operated radio, food, water, blankets, medicines, and pet food( if you own a pet) Also have a family plan.

Mt. Vesuvius Mt. Vesuvius is the legendary volcano that wiped out the city Pompeii, Italy. When it erupted it burned and covered the entire city Pompeii in ash. The city was covered so quickly that many of the artifacts have been very well preserved. Mt. Vesuvius covered Pompeii in August 24 th, 79 A.D.

Yellowstone Super volcano! Yellowstone National Park’s Super Volcano has grown 10” in the last 7 years. It’s been known throughout history because of how large the eruptions were. A theory of one of these eruptions is that it wiped out the dinosaurs. Some people think this volcano will wipe out the human race.

Mt. Saint Helens Its most famous eruption occurred on March 20 th, 1980 at 3:47p.m when a 5.1 earthquake awakened the volcano from its 123-year sleep. It lies near Seattle, Washington at 8,363’ above sea level, 1,314’ shorter then it was before the explosion. The explosion lasted for 9 hours and covered a 200 square-mile area.

Youtube Video

Bibliography We used the websites for question 4, and for the facts. Our non-electronic source was encyclopedia letter v for volcanoes.

Volcano Facts There are 1,500 land volcanoes that are known. About 20% of all volcanoes are underwater. There are 169 volcanoes, and there are 13 volcanoes in Hawaii alone. There are volcanoes erupting as we speak. The name ‘volcano’ comes from the Roman word Vulcan, the god of fire.

Credits Brought to you by Mr. Slingsby’s class. Made and edited by Carleigh Wellenreiter and Elly Glenn. Special thanks to Google for some of the awesome info. and pics, also to Youtube for the video and Miss. Thompson for getting the video on:D.