Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-1 Sexual Coercion Chapter 16 This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-2 Sexual Assault Nonconsensual bodily contact for a sexual purpose Sexual assault replaced rape as the term used in the Canadian legal system

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-3 Sexual Assault Level 1 Touching, kissing, and oral, vaginal, and anal sex Level 2 Sexual assault with a weapon Level 3 Aggravated sexual assault

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-4 Incidence of Sexual Assault In Canada in 2002: 27, 100 sexual offences reported to the police 88% were Level 1 offences 2% were Level 2 and Level 3 offences 10% were other sexual offenses

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-5 Types of Sexual Assault Stranger sexual assault Sexual assault by an assailant previously unknown to the person Acquaintances sexual assault Sexual assault by an acquaintance of the person who is assaulted

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-6 Types of Sexual Assault Date sexual assault Common form of acquaintance sexual assault Gangs and sexual assault Sexual assault against males Most committed by men (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-7 Types of Sexual Assault (continued) Marital sexual assault Entitlement To dominate

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-8 Sexual Assault Social attitudes and myths that encourage sexual assault Male students show greater acceptance of these myths than do female students Traditional views Evolutionary perspective

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-9 Sexual Assault Characteristics of sexually coercive men Motives in sexual assault Adjustment of survivors of sexual assault Crisis Sexual assault and psychological disorders Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-10 Sexual Assault If you are sexually assaulted… Don’t change anything about your body Strongly consider reporting the incident to police Ask a relative or friend to take you to a hospital (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-11 Sexual Assault If you are sexually assaulted…(continued) Seek help in an assertive way Question health professionals

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-12 Sexual Assault Treatment of sexual assault survivors Crisis intervention Long-term adjustment Prevention of sexual assault Confronting an attacker Should you fight, flee, or plead?

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-13 Sexual Assault Coercive verbal pressure tactics Using alcohol and drugs to loosen a partner’s reluctance to have sex Using obligations, expectations, and guilt Exploiting emotional and economic vulnerabilities

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-14 Sexual Abuse of Children What is sexual abuse of children? Exhibitionism, kissing, fondling, and sexual touching Oral, anal, and vaginal intercourse Patterns of abuse

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-15 Sexual Abuse of Children Types of abusers Majority of abusers are male Female abusers may go undetected Child sex tourism Pedophilia Sexual attraction to children

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-16 Sexual Abuse of Children Incest Marriage or sexual relations between people who are closely related Prohibited and punishable by law

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-17 Sexual Abuse of Children Types of incest Father-daughter incest Brother-sister incest Mother-son incest Family factors in incest

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-18 New Methods of Getting to the Truth Interview the children in an open-ended way Use interviewers who are unbiased Keep the number of questions and the number of interviews to a minimum Do not ask children to imagine sexual acts Do not pressure children to respond

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-19 Sexual Abuse of Children Effects of sexual abuse of children Short- and long-term psychological complaints “act out” Preventing sexual abuse of children Treatment of survivors of sexual abuse

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-20 Treatment of Sexual Assailants and Child Molesters What does treatment mean? Can they be treated? Recidivism rates

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-21 Treatment of Sexual Assailants and Child Molesters Successful programs include Skill based training Modelling positive behaviours Non-punitive Modify antecedents to criminal behaviour Supervised community living

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-22 Sexual Harassment Sexual harassment Deliberate or repeated unsolicited verbal comments, gestures, or physical contact of a sexual nature that the recipient does not welcome

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-23 Sexual Harassment Sexual harassment in the workplace Sexual harassment on campus Peer harassment Sexual harassment in the schools

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-24 How to Resist Sexual Harassment Convey a professional attitude Discourage harassing behaviour; and encourage appropriate behaviour Avoid being alone with the harasser Maintain a record (continued)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-25 How to Resist Sexual Harassment (continued) Talk with the harasser Write a letter to the harasser Seek support File a complaint Seek legal remedies

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada16-26 End of Chapter 16