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THE DAY OF PENTECOST From the Resurrection to Pentecost: “In the first book, O Theophilus, I have dealt with all that Jesus began to do and to teach, until the day when he was taken up, after he had given commands through the Holy Spirit to the apostles he had chosen. He presented himself alive to them after his suffering by many proofs, appearing to them during forty days and speaking about the kingdom of God (Acts 1:1-3).

THE DAY OF PENTECOST From the Resurrection to Pentecost: “And while staying with them he ordered them not to depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the promise of the Father, which, he said, “you heard from me; for John baptized with water, (Acts 1:4-6). but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now.”

THE DAY OF PENTECOST From the Resurrection to Pentecost: “So, when they had come together, they asked him, “Lord, will you at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?” He said to them, “It is not for you to know the times or seasons that the Father has fixed by his own authority. Acts 1:6-8 But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.”

The Promise and Purpose of the Pouring out of the Holy Spirit What did Jesus say is the purpose of the coming of the Holy Spirit upon his followers?  “…you will receive power …” Power for what purpose?  “…you will be my witnesses…” Where would they be his witnesses?  “…in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth” (Acts 1:8).

The Day of Pentecost “When the Day of Pentecost arrived, they were all together in one place. And suddenly there came from heaven a sound like a mighty rushing wind, and it filled the entire house where they were sitting. And divided tongues as of fire appeared to them and rested on each one of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit gave them utterance” (Acts 2:1-4).

An Old Testament Feast “The Feast of Weeks” Leviticus 23:15-22 Following the Feasts of Passover, Unleavened Bread, and Firstfruits “You shall count seven full weeks from the day after the Sabbath (following the Passover)….” An agricultural harvest feast … the conclusion of the wheat harvest in ancient Israel

The Feast of Pentecost: “Feast of Weeks” All Israelite (Jewish) men were required to observe the Feast of Pentecost (Deuteronomy 16:16 = “Feast of Weeks”). After the Temple was built in Jerusalem, the Feasts were observed in Jerusalem. “Now there were dwelling in Jerusalem Jews, devout men from every nation under heaven” (Acts 2:5) --- Jewish pilgrims in Jerusalem from all over the known world. In later Judaism, “the Feast of Weeks” was called “Pentecost” and became linked with the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai.

Jewish Tradition: Connection to Passover/Exodus Passover (blood of the Lamb) & Exodus – Redeemed Life in liberty, free from bondage Mt. Sinai – Moses goes up mountain, covered by cloud Law comes down, given on Tablets of Stone – Israel is constituted as a “holy nation,” the covenant people of God

THE DAY OF PENTECOST “Pentecost” = “50 th Day” Christian Calendar: Easter  40 Days  Ascension Ascension  10 Days  Pentecost

Old Covenant  New Covenant Fulfillment The Whole World under the bondage of sin & death Crucifixion (Passover)  Resurrection (exodus) – Liberation from curse of sin and death Jesus ascends into heaven (taken into the glory cloud – Acts 1) The Spirit descends on day of Pentecost – writing the Law of God on the hearts of believers – forming the New Covenant people of God

Old  New fulfillment Passover & exodus =  crucifixion & resurrection Moses ascends Mt. Sinai =  Jesus ascends into heaven Giving of the Law =  Giving of the Spirit (Pentecost) Formation of Old Covenant people =  formation of New Covenant People

Pentecost: in God’s Plan for the Redemption of the World through Jesus Christ Incarnation: (Christmas) Life of righteousness as the Second Adam Crucifixion: Sacrifice of Atonement Resurrection: (Easter) Ascension into Heaven: Reign as King begins Pentecost: pouring out of the Holy Spirit for the spread of the gospel to all nations. Coming again in glory as Judge and Savior

The Harvest Feast On that day of Pentecost following Jesus’ crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension: Peter preached the gospel of Jesus’ life, death, resurrection, and ascension The other apostles proclaimed in the various languages of the nations “the mighty works of God” (the gospel)   – “…how is it that we hear, each of us in his own native language … … … we hear them telling in our own tongues the mighty works of God” (Acts 2:7-11).

The Harvest Feast “Now there were dwelling in Jerusalem Jews, devout men from every nation under heaven” (Acts 2:5).  Peter’s Pentecost Day Sermon (Acts 2:14-36)  “This Jesus God raised up, and of that we all are witnesses. Being therefore exalted at the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out this that you yourselves are seeing and hearing (2:32-33) … …. “Let all the house of Israel therefore know for certain that God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified” (2:36).     

Pentecost: The Harvest Feast The Response to Peter’s preaching by the power of the Holy Spirit: “Now when they heard this they were cut to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, “Brothers, what shall we do?” And Peter said to them, “Repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. For the promise is for you and for your children and for all who are far off, everyone whom the Lord our God calls to himself” (Acts 2:37-39).

Pentecost: The Harvest Feast The Response to Peter’s preaching by the power of the Holy Spirit: “Now when they heard this they were cut to the heart” – Conviction of sin – “Circumcision of the heart” “What shall we do?” “Repent and be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins.” Baptism in the name of Jesus Christ:

Pentecost: The Harvest Feast The Response to Peter’s preaching by the power of the Holy Spirit: Baptism in the name of Jesus Christ: sign of faith in him; entrance into and inclusion in the New Covenant people of God through faith in Christ. “…this Jesus, delivered up according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God, you crucified and killed by the hands of lawless men … (2:23) … “Let all the house of Israel therefore know for certain that God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified” (2:36)

Pentecost: The Harvest Feast “And with many other words he bore witness and continued to exhort them, saying, ‘Save yourselves from this crooked generation.’ So those who received his word were baptized and there were added that day about three thousand souls.” (cf. Exodus 32:21-29).