The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)

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Presentation transcript:

The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Modified from: Royal Geographic Society: Glacial Landscapes Lesson 1

What is the LGM? Latest phase in Earth’s geologic history (26,000-18,000 years ago) when the planet’s: Average temperature reached a minimum Area of land covered by glaciers and ice sheets reached a maximum ~3x more than currently present Sea-level was about 120 meters lower than present

Global Glacial Coverage During the LGM Image Source: http://www.humberriver.ca/globalice.html

Glacial Coverage of North America During the LGM Image Source: Idaho Museum of Natural History Glacial Coverage of North America During the LGM

Glacial Coverage of Europe During the LGM Image Source: www.kids.britannica.com

The edge of an ice cap in modern day Iceland This may be similar to what landmasses in the Northern Hemisphere looked like during the LGM D.E.Anderson

Extinct Animals & Ice Age Terrain Image source: Wiki Commons

Glacial Cycles within the Quaternary Earth’s climate has oscillated between cold glacial times and warm interglacial periods The LGM was the coldest part of the most recent ‘glacial’ period We are currently warming up from the LGM and entering an interglacial period

Retreat of North American Glaciers as the LGM Ended Animation Source: http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/ice_ages/ Retreat of North American Glaciers as the LGM Ended

Average global temp. change from today The LGM Our present warm time, the Holocene These are two ice core based temp. reconstructions from Antarctica Image Source: Robert A. Rohde / Global Warming Art

Differences in Ice Sheet/Sea Ice Extent Between LGM and Today Mark McCaffrey , NGDC/NOAA Source: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/slides/slideset/11/11_178_slide.html LGM

Global Glacial Coverage Present LGM About 10% of land was covered by glaciers (~15 x 106 km2) Distribution of world’s glacial ice: Antarctica: 85% Greenland: 11% Remainder of globe: 4% About 30% of land was covered by glaciers (>40 x 106 km2) Distribution of world’s glacial ice: Antarctica: 30% Greenland: 5% Laurentide Ice Sheet (northeastern - North America): ~30% Scandinavian Ice Sheet (northern Europe): ~15% Remainder of globe: ~20%

Average Global Temperatures Present LGM Average: 14.6°C Still colder at high latitudes Warmer nearer to the Equator Temperatures have risen 0.5°C since 1960s About 6°C colder Much colder at high latitudes Slightly less nearer to the Equator

Sea Level Change During the LGM Dropped to about 120 meters below present level More of the world’s H20 was transferred from the oceans to glacier ice

Eastern U.S. Coastline During the LGM Image Source: PBS - NOVA: Mountain of Ice

Florida & Eastern Gulf of Mexico Coastline During the LGM Image Source: PBS - NOVA: Mountain of Ice

Northern European Coastline During the LGM Image Source: PBS - NOVA: Mountain of Ice

Southeast Asian Coastline During the LGM Image Source: PBS - NOVA: Mountain of Ice