THE LOS ANGELES JAZZ SOCIETY PRESENTS A Look at America’s National Treasure Developed by Dr. Thom Mason, Professor of Jazz Studies at the University of Southern California Presentation created by Dessa Drake, Fifth Grade Teacher Canoga Park Elementary School

GuitarBass Piano

Alto Saxophone Tenor Saxophone Baritone Saxophone

Trumpet Trombone

Louis Armstrong The first great African American jazz musician A trumpet player and singer Referred to as the 1 st genius of jazz for the things he did that are now standard in jazz Hit records in every decade from the 1920s until his death in the 1970s

Bessie Smith The most famous blues singer Called the “Empress of the Blues” The highest paid jazz singer in the 1920s 1 st hit record “Downhearted Blues” sold over 800,000 copies in 1923, saving a record company from going out of business

Duke Ellington The most famous big band composer Composed over 1500 original songs and instrumental pieces Many people consider him the most important composer of American music in the century Many of his band members stayed with him for over 40 years

Ella Fitzgerald The most famous female jazz singer Won a talent contest in Harlem when she was 18 Joined Chick Webb’s band, and after he died, she became the 1 st woman to lead a jazz big band made up completely of men Nicknamed “The First Lady of Swing”

Charlie Parker The most famous Modern Jazz saxophone player Nicknamed “Bird” The 1 st great modern jazz soloist Played with such a high level of technical skill that many thought his records were doctored up

Miles Davis One of the most famous trumpet players of Modern Jazz Called the founder of “Cool Jazz” One of the 1 st jazz musicians to blend jazz with pop and soul music

Al Aarons & the LA Jazz Caravan Listen for: the saxophone the trombone the trumpet the electric guitar the piano the drum

Dixieland Style The 1 st style of jazz for instruments The horns in the front often “jam” solos at the same time, called “collective improvisation” After collective improvisation at the beginning, each player takes a solo, followed by another collective improvisation Louis Armstrong was the 1 st jazz soloist to make this style important Most of this style of jazz was created in New Orleans, “the birthplace of jazz” and in Chicago, “the home of the blues” during the 1920s and 1930s Jelly Roll Morton’s Red Hot Peppers

Blues Style The 1 st style of jazz for singers Began in the 1920s with “Race Records,” which were meant for the black community First blues recording was “Crazy Blues” by Mamie Smith Women were the most famous blues singers of the 1920s, while men became famous in the 1930s The main feature of this style is the use of blue notes, which give the music a sad or “blue” quality Blues solos bend notes, falls, and smears and often repeat an idea over and over

Big Band Swing Style Brought instruments and singers together The most popular music in America from the 1930s until the end of World War II Big bands had as many as 20 or more musicians in them Sounded more modern than Dixieland jazz People loved to dance to the sound of big bands The most famous had singers as well as soloists Performed in ballrooms

Count Basie Duke Ellington Cab Calloway

Big Band Swing Style Most big bands were either all black or all white until Jewish clarinet player Benny Goodman began hiring African Americans for his big band in the mid- 1930s He did not believe anyone should have to experience prejudice Big bands have been integrated ever since

Modern Style BeBop, the music of the 1940s, started this style It brought jazz to the highest technical level possible Players work hard to create complex solos Saxophonist Charlie Parker and trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie first established this style, performing together in NYC in the 1940s

Latin Jazz Uses the rhythms of Central and South America Musicians play the rhythms of Cuba, Brazil, and other Latin- American countries, while soloists create the technical and complex solos of modern jazz Dizzy Gillespie was one of the 1 st to perform this style Popular in Los Angeles

Al Aarons & the LA Jazz Caravan Listen for: the sax by Carl Randall the trombone of Thurman Green the guitar by Terry Evans the short drum by Jack LeCompte

Jazz music begins when one or more jazz musicians create original music together Each member makes up his or her part at the very moment they play it Each performer has a special role or part, while they remain aware of what the other members are doing The music they create is organized around a musical form, but the notes, rhythms, melodies and harmonies are being created “on the spot” The solo is when one musician is featured while the other musicians play back up During the solo the musician takes several ideas and repeats them or changes them in different ways

“Walking” Playing one note for every beat of music as they “walk” around on the different notes in the chords Listen to “Saturday Night Shuffle” with Leslie Baker “walking” to accompany the piano

“Patterns” Groups of notes that are organized into rhythms that repeat Used in Latin Jazz Listen to “Paradox,” which begins with a pattern. Can you tell when it changes to a walking style?

“Jabbing” Players lead with their right and jab with their left Players usually solo with their right while the left hand accompanies Listen to “Saturday Night Shuffle” with Phil Wright jabbing on the piano

“Blocking” Players often play both hands together to make block chords Often happens in Latin Jazz Listen to the two handed block chords in “Paradox”

“Improvising” Players mix right hand leads with occasional two handed block chords to create interesting solos

Strum chords and pick their leads. When accompanying another soloist, they often strum chords on each beat or make up rhythms for the soloist When they solo, they string single ideas with a pick Listen to Terry Evans in “I Got It Bad” and “That Ain’t Good,” showing the single string solo style

Keep the time and play patterns Listen to Jack LeCompte in “I Got It Bad” and “That Ain’t Good,” using the basic cymbal pattern most of the time

Play all their notes with three fingers Usually the lead instrument, meaning they play the melody They also solo on most songs Listen to Al Aarons soloing in “I Got It Bad” and “That Ain’t Good” – listen for the repeat ideas and the movement of ideas from place to place

Push the slide around to different positions to get different notes Able to “smear” between notes by moving the slide slowly Tone can be cool and mellow or hot and brassy Listen to Thurman Greene soloing in “Lazy Day” – listen for the cool and mellow sound and the South American influence

Press their keys; combinations of fingers pressing on keys form the different notes Sometimes play the lead but will play a supporting role to a trumpet until the solo Listen to Carl Randall soloing in “Stop It!” in the modern blues style

Shout it out Learn songs and then change them to their liking Listen to Barbara Morrison singing “Back Door Blues,” a down-home blues tune Listen for the horns playing the repeated ideas (called “riffs”) behind her