OBJECTIVE #1 Students will analyze or explain how diverse cultures and time periods are reflected in music. AfricaEuropeUSA

OBJECTIVE #2 Students will compare or explain how music fulfills a variety of purposes. Purpose = for fun Purpose = for ceremonies Purpose = for art sake

OBJECTIVE #3 Students will identify or compare various styles of music

Religious meaning Mixture of European and African Roots Purpose: Ceremonial Possible Instruments: Voices, Piano, Organ, etc. Song Example: Amazing Grace

What setting would gospel music be played? Where have you heard gospel music? - The beginning of gospel music can be traced to African-American churches in the early 1800’s.

Notable Performers: Mahilia Jackson The Golden Gate Quartet Sub-genres: Urban Contemporary (Black Gospel) Christian Gospel Southern Gospel

SAD meaning African American Creation Purpose: Recreational Possible Instruments: Voice, Piano, Harmonica, Guitar, etc.

Blues… Famous Blues Musicians: Ray Charles, Muddy Waters, B. B. King -Sub-genres: Chicago Blues Memphis Blues Country Blues Rock Blues II or IVII7 IV II7 VV or IVII or V -Improvisation is important!

Happy meaning Syncopated Rhythms (off beats) Improvisation (make up of the top of your head) African American Creation Purpose: Recreation Instruments: Voice, Trumpet, Saxophone, Piano, Drum Set, Bass, etc. Started near New Orleans Example of Famous Jazz Musician: Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis

Jazz… Originated and gained popularity in the late 1800’s. Sub-genres: Acid jazz Swing Big Band Funk

Jazz and Blues are very similar music styles, but remember blues is a little more sad and laid-back, jazz has a more happy, upbeat feel.

May be Happy or Sad Purpose: Artistic Expression Example: Phantom of the Opera, The Sound of Music, Hairspray -Roots: purely American style (European roots) -First musical performance was “The Black Crook” in Also known as “musical theater”.

“Broadway” refers to the Theater District in Manhattan, New York City, where there are almost 40 theater houses within several blocks. -Broadway shows sold about $938,000,000 last year. Musical Theater is a mixture of classical plays and opera. –Plays: all spoken dialogue –Opera: all singing + some dancing –MUSICALS: singing + dancing + speaking Notable people: Leonard Bernstein (W.S.S.) Rogers & Hammerstein (T.S.O.M)

Lots of meanings: happy, sad, mad, ect. Modern / Pop Use of electronic instruments Mixture of European & African roots Example of musicians: Purpose: Recreational, Artistic Expression

Popular music today includes rock, hip-hop, country, rap, metal, and other current styles of the times. -Popular musicians often perform large concerts and music is easily accessible online, on TV, on the radio, ect.

Defining Popular Sub-genres 1)Country Roots: evolved in the 1920’s from traditional folk music, gospel, and oldies. Usually associated with the South and Appalachia. -Country music has produced two of the top-selling artists of all time; Elvis Presley & Garth Brooks. -Sub-genres in country music: honky- tonk (Hank Williams), rockabilly (Johnny Cash), country pop (Keith Urban, Shania Twain), ect.

Country continued… Typically, traditional country music has an instrumentation of guitar, bass, drums, vocals, and a steel guitar or dobro. Steel guitar refers to a way of playing with the guitar held horizontally and using a steel slide on the frets instead of your fingers. A dobro is a resonator guitar made especially for steel playing.

Rock Music Roots: 1940’s- blues, folk, country, jazz The widespread popularity of rock music has influenced our culture through language, fashion, and lifestyle. Typical instrumentation: Two guitars (one lead, one rhythm), bass guitar, drum set, and vocals. Sub-genres of Rock: Punk, Metal, Emo, Indie, Classic Rock, ect.

Hip Hop Generally consists of rhythmic rap vocals accompanied by backing beats. Roots: New York City, 1970’s in the African American community. Evolved from funk, soul, and jazz. Improvisation is important to vocals. Backbeats are often sampled from portions of other songs by a DJ. Sub-genres of hip hop: East Coast rap & West Coast rap, turntables, pop hop, ect.

Patriotic Meaning, popularized by circus bands. Played by Army Bands, Marching Bands and Concert Bands (Brass + Woodwind + Percussion – NO: String Instruments) Popular during Civil War and at Political Functions. ROOTS: European Purpose: Usually Ceremonial Song Example: Hail To The Chief Marches are often at a brisk- walk tempo (allegro), about 120 bpm.

March Form John Phillip Sousa was the “Father of American Marches” and set a new standard for march forms in the US. 1) Short Introduction (or Fanfare) 2) First Strain (repeated, often with added parts) 3) Second Strain (played quietly first time, loudly as repeated) 4) Trio (change in key, often legato, more woodwinds than brass) 5) Breakup Strain (or Dogfight) loud, intense, marcato 6) Trio Reprise (or Grandioso) Form: I-AA-BB-C-D-C-D-C

Song that tells a story May be Happy or Sad Purpose: Recreational Song Example: Yankee Doodle StorySong Typically slower and music is more simple in nature.

Verse 1 Yankee Doodle went to town A-riding on a pony Stuck a feather in his hat And called it macaroni. CHORUS Yankee Doodle, keep it up Yankee Doodle dandy Mind the music and the step And with the girls be handy. Verse 2 Father and I went down to camp Along with Captain Gooding And there we saw the men and boys As thick as hasty pudding. Repeat Chorus Verse 3 There was Captain Washington Upon a slapping stallion A-giving orders to his men I guess there was a million. Repeat Chorus -Ballads can be performed in any style of music. -Usually organized in Verse/Chorus/Verse2/Chorus/ ect.

Also means Traditional music There are many styles of folk music, all of which can be classified into various traditions, generally based around some combination of ethnic, racial, religious, tribal, political or geographic boundaries. In the United States, it refers to popular, grassroots, and bluegrass music. Folk songs commonly tell stories about ways of life.

1)Bluegrass music is recreational. 2)It originated in the south-eastern United States, in the region known as Appalachia in the 1940’s. 3)It has roots in European (Irish) music along with jazz and blues. 4)Instruments are primarily acoustic string instruments, usually without percussion accompaniment. 5)Vocals are often harmonized.

Bluegrass The name “bluegrass” music comes from an original band called “The Blue Grass Boys” from Kentucky that made this style popular. “Jam” bands like the Grateful Dead and the Allman Brothers introduced bluegrass to more progressive, rock audiences. Sub-genres: Traditional Bluegrass, Progressive Bluegrass (more electronic instruments or winds), Bluegrass Gospel

Banjo Developed by enslaved Africans inenslavedAfricans the United States, adapted fromUnited States several African instruments.

Banjo… -Typically has 5 strings -Played with fingerpicks -Has a metal resonator

Mandolin -The Mandolin is like an oval-shaped, small guitar developed from Swedish immigrants in Appalachia. - It has 4 pairs of strings, for a total of 8 strings.

Mandolin Has a hollow wooden body. Plucked or struck with a pick. Electric versions are available because the acoustic mandolin doesn’t produce a great volume of sound. The timbre is different, however.

Fiddle The same instrument as the violin, only played in a different style. Main voice in a bluegrass band. 4 Strings Developed in Europe.

Fiddle vs. Violin Although they are the same instrument, one difference usually apparent between the two different playing styles is the strings. Fiddles: Steel strings (produce more sound) Violins: gut, or synthetic gut strings

Acoustic Guitar 1)Six strings 2)Important rhythmic part of a bluegrass band.

Harmonica Woodwind instrument, can blow in and pull out. Austrian origin. Abraham Lincoln, Wyatt Earp, and Billy the Kid made it part of the American music landscape.

Harmonica… The harmonica is most important to folk and blues music, but has also been used in popular settings. Popular harmonica players: Stevie Wonder, John Lennon, Robert Plant, Stephen Tyler, and Mick Jagger. Also known as the “harp” when playing in blues style.

Dulcimer 1)Played on your lap 2)3 or 4 Strings 3)Also called Appalachian dulcimer, an American instrument

Dulcimer Played by plucking strings with one hand, and fretting with the other. First invented in the early 1800’s, but became popular with the emergence of bluegrass music in the 1940’s and 1950’s.