Journal #7 On a sheet of paper draw a venn diagram, we will be comparing/contrasting mitosis and meiosis

Monohybrid Crosses, Phenotypes & Genotypes

1. Heredity: The passing of traits from parents to offspring A. Heredity & Genetics 1. Heredity: The passing of traits from parents to offspring 2. Genetics: Study of heredity 3. Inherited characteristics are called traits

4. Gregor Mendel was the first person to predict how 4. Gregor Mendel was the first person to predict how traits are transferred.

Gametes in the same flower A. Used peas because Reproduce sexually Gametes in the same flower Fertilization could be controlled

b. Mendel transferred pollen from plant to plant and then studied resulting peas c. Studied only one trait at a time d. Called the “father of genetics”

Figure 11-3 Mendel’s Seven F1 Crosses on Pea Plants Section 11-1 Seed Shape Seed Color Seed Coat Color Pod Shape Pod Color Flower Position Plant Height Round Yellow Gray Smooth Green Axial Tall Wrinkled Green White Constricted Yellow Terminal Short Round Yellow Gray Smooth Green Axial Tall Go to Section:

Mendel identified 2 laws: 1. The Law of Segregation: explains the disappearance of a trait in the F1 generation and its reappearance in the F2 generation. Skips a generation

2. The Law of Independent Assortment:genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other if on different chromosomes. Not all of a persons traits are on one chromosome

C. Phenotypes & Genotypes Phenotype: appearance of an organism Example: short, tall, green, yellow 2. Genotype: gene combination of an organism Example: tt, TT, Tt, gg, GG

1. Heterozygous: the 2 alleles are different, can be called hybrids Example: Tt -heterozygous 2. Homozygous: the 2 alleles are the same Example: TT means homozygous dominant, and tt means homozygous recessive

Traits can be dominant or recessive. i Traits can be dominant or recessive i. Dominant traits: exhibited trait, written with 1 or 2 capital letters Example: T ii. Recessive traits: inhibited trait, written with recessive letters (lowercase letters) Example: t

Monohybrid Crosses 1. Crosses that differ by a single trait Example: Tall pea plant x short pea plant 2. The first generation produced offspring resembling only one parent Example: all tall pea plants 3. The second generation produced: a. 3/4 of peas were tall b. 1/4 of peas were short

Principles of Dominance Section 11-1 P Generation F1 Generation F2 Generation Tall Short Tall Tall Tall Tall Tall Short Go to Section:

4. Mendel concluded that each trait has 2 factors i. Factors are now called alleles ii. Inherit one allele from mother and one allele from father

Tt X Tt Cross Punnett Squares Parent Offspring go inside the boxes Section 11-2 Parent Offspring go inside the boxes Parent Go to Section:

Tt X Tt Cross Punnett Squares Phenotype: 3 tall, 1 short Section 11-2 Phenotype: 3 tall, 1 short Genotype: TT, Tt, tt Go to Section:

Add this on to your notes Probability: the chance or percentage of chance of a trait being exhibited