Group H Manny Aguilar Ivan Teran Eric Woiwode

 Skyscraper originally referred to the tall, main sail of a ship  The structural definition is based on the fact that the buildings have a steel frame  Today, it refers to a very tall and habitable building  There is no actual height which determines if a building is a skyscraper  U.S. and Europe share a loose convention that 150 m tall is considered a skyscraper, while 300 m tall is “supertall”

ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES  Land area  Option to build up, rather than out  Creates habitats for a larger number of people  Creates more space for businesses  Corporations build skyscrapers for name recognition and promotional value  i.e. Sears, Chrysler, Bank of America and Donald Trump  Utilities  Construction Deaths  Spreading of illness  Emergency Situations  Terrorist Attacks

 Large buildings have always been used to show affluence and power  Height of these buildings was limited  Buildings higher than six stories were rare  16 th century - Shibam, Yemen

 17 th Century - Edinburgh, Scotland  Defensive city wall limited area to build  Homes increased in height; 11 stories were common, and some records show homes with 14 stories  The Flaxmill, 1797 – Shrewsbury, England  “Grandfather of Skyscrapers” built with an iron frame, which led to the steel frame used in modern skyscrapers

 Home Insurance Building, – Chicago, Illinois  Developed by Major William Le Baron Jenney; Led to the “Chicago skeleton” form of construction  Wainwright Building, 1891 – St. Louis, Missouri  Some consider this the first true skyscraper built due to its use of vertical bands, which emphasized its height  Late 19 th Century saw many taller buildings going up  Most were built in Chicago, New York and London

Technological advances have paved the way for bigger and better skyscrapers  Safe Elevators  Water pumps  Building Materials  Improved techniques for measuring and analyzing structural loads and stresses  Invention of electric arcwelding  Fluorescent light bulbs

 Foundation  Skeleton  Exterior  Finishing

 Taipei, Taiwan  Topped out in 2003 at 1,671 ft (509 m)  At the 87 th floor a 800 ton tuned mass damper is held  Eight tiers of eight stories  Building costs approximately 1.7 billion

 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia  Tallest twin towers  1,483 ft (452 m)  88 stories plus architectural spire  Geometric patterns originating in ancient Islam  Two construction companies were hired

 Chicago  1,451 ft (tallest in US)  Cost was 160 million  76,000 tons of steel  72,000 cubic yards of concrete  Bundled-tube structural design  On a clear day you can see four states

 Completing date mid 2009  Predicted to be the tallest man-made structure in the world  Records  Tallest free standing structure  Building with most floors  Vertical concrete pumping (for a bldg.)  Vertical concrete pumping (for any construction)

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