AIA Continuing Education 1.5 CEU (SD & HSW)

The Masonry Institute of Washington is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available upon request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Steve Dill Principle at KPFF Consulting Engineers. Involved in masonry design and code for 30+ years. Member of Masonry Standards Joint Committee. Teaches for the Structural Engineers Association of Washington. Presentation Title 3 Month ##, 200#

Andy Lang Principle with Morrison Hershfield in Vancouver, Canada. Expertise in building envelope construction and maintenance. Expert consultant in support of defect litigation cases related to building envelope failures. Presentation Title 4 Month ##, 200#

Jed Olafson Partner at Johnston Construction Company. Served on numerous professional and community committees. Designer for the Barkshire Panel Systems. Lead Project Manager on many large projects, including Benaroya Hall and King Street Station. Presentation Title 5 Month ##, 200#

Learning Objectives Discuss the benefits of masonry design techniques used most often in the Northwest. Discuss how to choose between these techniques.

Talking Points Introduction Anchored Veneer / Reinforced Veneer Movement Issues Limit Design Questions

Two types of Masonry Cladding Anchored Veneer Anchored Veneer Reinforced Veneer Reinforced Veneer Anchored Veneer Anchored Veneer Reinforced Veneer Reinforced Veneer

Anchored Veneer

Anchored Veneer Delivery System Design, Bid, Build Bidder Design Design, Bid, Build Bidder Design

Most common method Most common method All brick colors / textures available All brick colors / textures available Complex bonding is available Complex bonding is available Minimal (prescriptive) design requirements Minimal (prescriptive) design requirements Most common method Most common method All brick colors / textures available All brick colors / textures available Complex bonding is available Complex bonding is available Minimal (prescriptive) design requirements Minimal (prescriptive) design requirements AdvantagesAdvantages Anchored Veneer

Difficult to support precast Difficult to accommodate recessed elements Difficult to accommodate recessed elements Frequent penetrations through the wall membrane Frequent penetrations through the wall membrane Performance can be compromised by prescriptive design Performance can be compromised by prescriptive design Difficult to support precast Difficult to accommodate recessed elements Difficult to accommodate recessed elements Frequent penetrations through the wall membrane Frequent penetrations through the wall membrane Performance can be compromised by prescriptive design Performance can be compromised by prescriptive design Disadvantages Anchored Veneer

Concrete Footing or Ledger Angle Concrete Footing or Ledger Angle Must be level Must be level Cantilever no more than ¾”. Cantilever no more than ¾”. Concrete Footing or Ledger Angle Concrete Footing or Ledger Angle Must be level Must be level Cantilever no more than ¾”. Cantilever no more than ¾”. Design Considerations - Bearing

Anchored Veneer

Metal Metal Flexible Flexible Metal Metal Flexible Flexible Design Considerations – Flashing

Anchored Veneer Sheet Membrane Sheet Membrane Water Barrier Water Barrier Air and Water Barrier Air and Water Barrier Fluid Applied Membrane Fluid Applied Membrane Air and Water Barrier Air and Water Barrier Sheet Membrane Sheet Membrane Water Barrier Water Barrier Air and Water Barrier Air and Water Barrier Fluid Applied Membrane Fluid Applied Membrane Air and Water Barrier Air and Water Barrier Design Considerations – Membrane

Anchored Veneer Corrugated Tie Corrugated Tie Easy to use Easy to use Accommodates variations of airspace Accommodates variations of airspace Corrugated Tie Corrugated Tie Easy to use Easy to use Accommodates variations of airspace Accommodates variations of airspace Design Considerations – Wall Ties

Anchored Veneer Design Considerations – Wall Ties Vertical Plate Tie Vertical Plate Tie Accommodates variations of airspace Accommodates variations of airspace Installed prior to insulation Installed prior to insulation Vertical movement Vertical movement No mortar bridging No mortar bridging Vertical Plate Tie Vertical Plate Tie Accommodates variations of airspace Accommodates variations of airspace Installed prior to insulation Installed prior to insulation Vertical movement Vertical movement No mortar bridging No mortar bridging

Anchored Veneer Design Considerations – Wall Ties Byna-Lok Tie Byna-Lok Tie Accommodates variations of airspace Accommodates variations of airspace Installed after insulation Installed after insulation Vertical movement Vertical movement No mortar bridging No mortar bridging Byna-Lok Tie Byna-Lok Tie Accommodates variations of airspace Accommodates variations of airspace Installed after insulation Installed after insulation Vertical movement Vertical movement No mortar bridging No mortar bridging

213 Tie 213 Tie Accommodates variations of airspace Accommodates variations of airspace Installed prior to insulation Installed prior to insulation Vertical movement Vertical movement Potential mortar bridging Potential mortar bridging 213 Tie 213 Tie Accommodates variations of airspace Accommodates variations of airspace Installed prior to insulation Installed prior to insulation Vertical movement Vertical movement Potential mortar bridging Potential mortar bridging Anchored Veneer Design Considerations – Wall Ties

Anchored Veneer Design Considerations – Wall Ties Seal Tie Seal Tie Accommodates variations of airspace Accommodates variations of airspace Installed after insulation Installed after insulation Vertical movement Vertical movement No mortar bridging No mortar bridging Self sealing Self sealing Seal Tie Seal Tie Accommodates variations of airspace Accommodates variations of airspace Installed after insulation Installed after insulation Vertical movement Vertical movement No mortar bridging No mortar bridging Self sealing Self sealing

Anchored Veneer Design Considerations – Wall Ties Truss Eye Loop Truss Eye Loop Accommodates variations of airspace Accommodates variations of airspace Vertical movement Vertical movement No mortar bridging No mortar bridging Requires modular veneer Requires modular veneer Truss Eye Loop Truss Eye Loop Accommodates variations of airspace Accommodates variations of airspace Vertical movement Vertical movement No mortar bridging No mortar bridging Requires modular veneer Requires modular veneer

Two Types of Masonry Cladding Anchored Veneer Anchored Veneer Reinforced Veneer Reinforced Veneer Anchored Veneer Anchored Veneer Reinforced Veneer Reinforced Veneer

Reinforced Veneer

Reinforced Veneer Delivery System Bidder Design Design, Bid, Build Bidder Design Design, Bid, Build

Reinforced Veneer AdvantagesAdvantages Plan Relief (non-flat) Lighter and simpler backup stud framing Lighter and simpler backup stud framing Supports heavy precast or prefabricated brick elements Supports heavy precast or prefabricated brick elements Can self-support without ledgers Can self-support without ledgers Easier to isolate from building movements Easier to isolate from building movements Minimal penetrations Minimal penetrations Plan Relief (non-flat) Lighter and simpler backup stud framing Lighter and simpler backup stud framing Supports heavy precast or prefabricated brick elements Supports heavy precast or prefabricated brick elements Can self-support without ledgers Can self-support without ledgers Easier to isolate from building movements Easier to isolate from building movements Minimal penetrations Minimal penetrations

Disadvantages Color/texture selection is more limited Color/texture selection is more limited Complex bonding more difficult Complex bonding more difficult Fewer contractors have experience with the system Fewer contractors have experience with the system Color/texture selection is more limited Color/texture selection is more limited Complex bonding more difficult Complex bonding more difficult Fewer contractors have experience with the system Fewer contractors have experience with the system Reinforced Veneer

Concrete Footing Concrete Footing Can be sloped for drainage Can be sloped for drainage Concrete Footing Concrete Footing Can be sloped for drainage Can be sloped for drainage Design Considerations – Bearing

Reinforced Veneer Metal Metal Flexible Flexible Metal Metal Flexible Flexible Design Considerations – Flashing

Reinforced Veneer Design Considerations – Membrane Sheet Membrane Sheet Membrane Water Barrier Water Barrier Air and Water Barrier Air and Water Barrier Fluid Applied Membrane Fluid Applied Membrane Air and Water Barrier Air and Water Barrier Sheet Membrane Sheet Membrane Water Barrier Water Barrier Air and Water Barrier Air and Water Barrier Fluid Applied Membrane Fluid Applied Membrane Air and Water Barrier Air and Water Barrier

Reinforced Veneer Design Considerations - Vertical Support Dead load support to the footing Dead load support to the footing Simplified stud framing Simplified stud framing Dead load support to the footing Dead load support to the footing Simplified stud framing Simplified stud framing

Reinforced Veneer Design Considerations - Lateral Support Lateral support typically at the floor lines Lateral support typically at the floor lines Minimized penetrations Minimized penetrations Isolation design Isolation design Lateral support typically at the floor lines Lateral support typically at the floor lines Minimized penetrations Minimized penetrations Isolation design Isolation design

Reinforced Veneer Design Considerations - Precast or prefabricated brick elements Heavy precast Heavy precast Recessed sills or soffit Recessed sills or soffit Heavy precast Heavy precast Recessed sills or soffit Recessed sills or soffit

Talking Points Introduction Anchored Veneer / Reinforced Movement Issues Limit Design Questions

Forces on Cladding Gravity Earthquake Wind

Differential Movement Interstorey drift Frame shortening & slab edge deflection Cyclic movement (thermal and moisture driven) Deflection under wind and seismic load

44 Expansion/Contraction Cumulative displacement 10 story concrete frame Masonry expansion  0.6” over 10 stories Frame shrinkage & creep  0.6” or more Total of 1.2”

Expansion/Contraction

46 Expansion/Contraction 0.6” 0.2” Cumulative displacement 4 story wood frame Masonry expansion  0.2” over 3 stories Frame shrinkage & creep  0.6” or more Total of 0.8”

Window sill at brick 47

Compensation channel at window head must allow for deflection Floor structure deflection Building Movement

Live load weight Floor deflection Compensation channel at window head must allow for deflection Floor structure deflection Building Movement

Presentation Title 50 Month ##, 200#

Forces on Cladding

Seismic Design of Masonry Cladding There is (typically) expected damage to cladding in large seismic events. Proper isolation design will improve the seismic performance of masonry systems. Reinforced masonry offers the designer more flexibility in the design of the isolation system than anchored veneer. Isolation Considerations

Continuous braced ledger angle supporting one story of masonry with studs & windows (from below) connected with a compensation track. Omit compensation track in this area. Optional “hinge” in studs and masonry at this location.

Presentation Title 55 Month ##, 200#

Anchored Veneer Design the studs to support the weight of the veneer and be appropriately isolated from building movements. Accommodate the expected movement of the joints in the sheathings and membranes. Reflect those joints in the masonry (and add expansion joints, etc. if desired) Isolation Considerations

Loading bearing column covers hinge-supported between spandrels. Spandrel travels with deck. Supported by column covers below. Windows attached to studs at top and bottom only.

Reinforced Veneer Design the studs to be appropriately isolated from building movements (and to support the windows). Accommodate the expected movement of the joints in the sheathings and membranes. Independently design the masonry cladding to be appropriately isolated from building movement. Isolation Considerations

220 Westlake Ave.

333 Elliott Avenue

Full height column cover. Base hinged. Spandrel travels with deck. Hinge supported to column covers. Windows attached to studs at top and bottom only.

All levels supported at base

Presentation Title 66 Month ##, 200#

Seismic Design of Masonry Cladding There is (typically) expected damage to cladding in large seismic events. Proper isolation design will improve the seismic performance of masonry systems. Reinforced masonry offers the designer more flexibility in the design of the isolation system than anchored veneer. Isolation Considerations

Movement Joint at Floor Slab 68 Flexible backing Flexible Membrane Flashing Insulation Deflection track Water (and Air) Barrier Brick Veneer Metal flashing Flexible Membrane Flashing Water (and Air) Barrier Insulation Brick Veneer

Vertical Movement Joint 69 Movement Joint Compressible Insulation Exterior Sealant Joint Brick Veneer Exterior Insulation Flexible Membrane Flashing Water (and air) Barrier

Inter-story Drift Considerations Displaced Static

Vertical Movement Joint – Panelized Masonry to Curtain Wall – Aligned configuration 71 Exterior Sealant Joint Brick Veneer Exterior Insulation Flexible Membrane Flashing Water (and air) Barrier Edge of Slab Metal Flashing (sacrificial)

Vertical Movement Joint – Panelized Masonry to Curtain Wall – Offset configuration 72 Exterior Sealant Joint Brick Veneer Exterior Insulation Flexible Membrane Flashing Water (and air) Barrier Metal Flashing (sacrificial) Compressible Insulation

Limit Design of Masonry