© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.4–1 Key Terms Job TaskPositionJob Element Job Family

© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.4–2 Units of Analysis in the Job Analysis Process (1 of 2)  1. An element is the smallest step into which it is practical to subdivide any work activity without analyzing separate motions, movements, and mental processes involved. Inserting a diskette into floppy disk drive is an example of a job element.  2. A task is one or more elements and is one of the distinct activities that constitute logical and necessary steps in the performance of work by the worker. A task is created whenever human effort, physical or mental, is exerted to accomplish a specific purpose. Keyboarding text into memo format represents a job task.

© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.4–3 Units of Analysis in the Job Analysis Process (2 of 2)  3. A position is a collection of tasks constituting the total work assignment of a single worker. There are as many positions as there are workers. John Smith’s position in the company is clerk typist. His tasks, which include keyboarding text into memo format, running a spell check on the text, and printing the text on company letterhead, combine to represent John Smith’s position.  4. A job is a group of positions within a company that are identical with respect to their major or significant tasks and sufficiently alike to justify their being covered by a single analysis. There may be one or many persons employed in the same job. For example, Bob Arnold, John Smith, and Jason Colbert are clerk typists. With minor variations, they essentially perform the same tasks. Consists of a group of tasks that must be performed for an organization to achieve its goals

© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.4–4 Exhibit 7-2 Units of Analysis in the Job Analysis Process (3 of 3)  5. A job family is a group of two or more jobs that call for either similar worker characteristics or similar work tasks. File clerk, clerk typist, and administrative clerk represent a clerical job family because each job mainly requires employees to perform clerical tasks.  6. An occupation is a group of jobs, found at more than one establishment, in which a common set of tasks are performed or are related in terms of similar objectives, methodologies, materials, products, worker actions, or worker characteristics. File clerk, clerk typist, administrative clerk, staff secretary, and administrative secretary represent an office support occupation. Compensation analyst, training and development specialist, recruiter, and benefits counselor represent jobs from the human resources management occupation.

© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.4–5 Key Terms Job TaskPositionJob Element Job Family

© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.4–6 Definitions  Job - Consists of a group of tasks that must be performed for an organization to achieve its goals  Position - Collection of tasks and responsibilities performed by one person; there is a position for every individual in an organization

© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.4–7 The Nature of Job Analysis  Job analysis –The procedure for determining the duties and skill requirements of a job and the kind of person who should be hired for it.  Job description –A list of a job’s duties, responsibilities, reporting relationships, working conditions, and supervisory responsibilities—one product of a job analysis.  Job specifications –A list of a job’s “human requirements,” that is, the requisite education, skills, personality, and so on— another product of a job analysis.

© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.4–8 Job Analysis: A Basic Human Resource Management Tool Job Analysis Job Descriptions Job Specifications TasksResponsibilitiesDuties KnowledgeSkillsAbilities  Human Resource Planning  Recruitment  Selection  Training and Development  Performance Appraisal  Compensation and Benefits  Safety and Health  Employee and Labor Relations  Legal Considerations  Job Analysis for Teams

© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.4–9 Sources of Job Information Job Analysis: A procedure for obtaining the facts about a job Job Description: A statement that provides information about - Job title Duties Machines Materials used Working conditions Hazards Job Specification: A statement of the human qualifications needed to perform the job, including - Education Work experience Judgment Vision Physical skills Communication skills Responsibility

© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.4–10