The New Europe Divided:  Northern and Southern Religion  Tridentine Successes  The Catholic Defence of Christendom,  Militant Northern Protestants,  The Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1572  Poland : An Alternative Future?  Protestantism and Providence

Northern and Southern Religion  Confessionalization  Lutheran: Augsburg Confession (1530)  Reformed: Heidelberg Catechism (1563), Belgic Confession (1562)  Roman Catholic: Canons and Decrees of Trent  divergences: Spain, England- Ireland, variations in Reformed Protestantism, Landeskirchen, Gallicanism

Tridentine Successes  end of the Council of Trent ( )  after the Council  Roman Catechism (1566)  Roman Breviary (1568)  Roman Missal (1570)  papal centralization  Congregations of cardinals  Congregation of the Council (1564)  Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (1621)

Tridentine Successes  Jesuits: Counter-Reformation, architecture  Liturgical music: Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (d. 1594)  preaching  centrality of the parish  growth of religious orders  confraternities of the rosary

The Catholic Defence of Christendom: Battle of Lepanto, 1571

Militant Northern Protestants  England – Scotland  excommunication of Elizabeth I (1570)  Recusants / recusancy  Denmark – Norway  Sweden  Synod of Emden (1571): Belgic Confession  Capture of Brielle (1572)

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, 1572  Queen Catherine de’ Medici  Admiral Gaspard Coligny  royal wedding  Henry of Navarre  effects

Poland, : An Alternative Future?  Catholic monarch, Reformed nobles  unitarian Academy of Raków  Union of Lublin (1569): Poland-Lithuania  Confederation of Warsaw (1573) Protestantism and Providence

The North: Protestant Heartlands  Defining Lutheranism: Towards the Formula of Concord  The ‘Second Reformation’ in Germany  Baltic Religious Contests: Poland-Lithuania and Scandinavia  The Northern Netherlands: Protestant Victory  The Northern Netherlands: The Arminian Crisis  A Reformed Success: Scotland  Elizabethan England: A Reformed Church?  Ireland: The coming of the Counter- Reformation

Defining Lutheranism  Gnesio-Lutherans vs. Philippists  Antinomianism  Book of Concord (1580)  Evangelical vs. Reformed  Matthias Flacius Illyricus (d. 1575)

The Second Reformation in Germany  Rhenish Palatinate,  Elector Palatine = Friedrich III ( )  Heidelberg Catechism (1563)  Thomas Erastus ( )  Erastianism  Elector Johann Sigismund of Brandenburg

Bremen Cathedral: St. Petri Dom Lutherans vs. Calvinists

Baltic Religious Contests: Poland-Lithuania and Scandinavia  Kings of Poland: Stefan Bathory ( ), Sigismund III ( )  “state without stakes”  Socinianism  restoring Catholicism: Jesuits, noblesse oblige, Union of Brest (1595)  Academy of Raków closed in  towards a Lutheran Sweden

The Northern Netherlands: Protestant Victory  Union of Arras vs. Union of Utrecht (1579)  “an established Protestant Church” without “a monopoly of recognized religion” (p. 370)  “a great diversity of evangelical belief” (p. 371)

The Northern Netherlands: The Arminian Crisis  Jacob Arminius ( )  University of Leiden  irresistible grace  Remonstrants  Synod of Dort (Dordrecht),

A Reformed Success: Scotland  John Knox  Kirk  General Assembly  presbyterianism  Book of Common Order (1567)

Elizabethan England: A Reformed Church?  Puritans and conformists  Archbishop John Whitgift  Marprelate Tracts  Dudley Fenner / William Perkins: federal theology  Covenant of works  Covenant of grace  Recusants  Church papists

Ireland: The Coming of the Counter- Reformation  Welsh success  plantation schemes  clerical education abroad  Trinity College, Dublin, 1594  Ulster plantation (1609)  suspension of fine for recusancy (1621)

Identifications  Chapter 7: confessionalization, Gallicanism, St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572), Minor Church  Chapter 8: Philippists, gnesio-Lutherans, antinomianism, communcatio idiomatum, doctrine of ubiquity, Formula of Concord (1580), Book of Concord (1580), Heidelberg Catechism, Second Reformation, Socinians, Union of Brest, Willem of Orange, Union of Utrecht (1579), “state without stakes,” Arminianism, Synod of Dordt ( ), supralapsarianism, Remostrants, Kirk, Edmund Grindal, John Whitgift, Puritans, Classical Movement, William Perkins, Covenant theology, recusants.