I. The Rise of the Royal State II. The Crises of the Royal State III. The Zenith of the Royal State Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

I. The Rise of the Royal State A. Divine Kings Personal rule > administrator Van Dyck, Rubens, Velazquez Francis Bacon, Ben Jonson Shakespeare Monarchy and law Divine-right theory King James VI Jean Bodin B. The Court and the Courtiers Cardinal Richelieu, Louis XIII Olivares, Philip IV Duke of Buckingham, James I, Charles I assassinated, 1628 C. The Taxing Demands of War France, paulette Spain, milliones Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

II. The Crises of the Royal State A. The Need to Resist Famine, plague, war French Nu-Pieds: salt tax Midland Revolt of 1607, England: enclosures Italy: food taxes, 1647 B. The Right to Resist Resistance Theory Huguenots, French Wars of Religion Luther and Calvin Philippe Duplessis-Mornay Jesuit Juan de Mariana John Milton Portuguese, Catalonians against Philip IV France, Mazarin, new taxes 1648 Fronde, suppressed, 1652 Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Analyze the Visual Evidence Rumor has it that Louis XIV was very taken with Anthony van Dyck’s portrait of Charles I. Although the French king had no intention of allowing history to repeat itself (like, you know, getting beheaded) he nevertheless recommended as a model this portrait to his own painter, Hyacinthe Rigaud. What do these portraits, together, suggest about how these monarchs viewed themselves and their role? How might one argue that, based on the visual evidence, Louis sought, with his own portrait, to enhance the image of the absolute monarch? Consider: What is the setting of each portrait? How are the monarchs standing, dressed? What about expressions? What, if any, personality is revealed? 2 Portraits: 2 Absolute Monarchs – How do they want to be perceived!

What James I Wore The English Civil War II. The Crises of the Royal State C. The English Civil War James I Charles I Puritans 1637, church reforms > resistance 1640, English invade The Long Parliament 1642, Charles I declares war 1645, Naseby What James I Wore The English Civil War Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

II. The Crises of the Royal State D. The English Revolutions 1647, London Presbyterians Sir Thomas Fairfax, Oliver Cromwell Parliament purged > Rump Parliament Charles I tried, beheaded, 1649 Oliver Cromwell The Instrument of Government > Lord Protector 1658, death 1660, Stuarts James II “Glorious Revolution” William III and Mary II Declaration of Rights (1689) The Toleration Act John Locke’s Two Treatises on Civil Government (1690) Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan No arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. The Papacy is not other than the Ghost of the deceased Roman Empire, sitting crowned upon the grave thereof. The condition of man…is a condition of war of everyone against everyone. Written in 1651, Leviathan is considered by many to be the foundation of modern, western political philosophy. What view of “man in a state of nature” does Hobbes appear to have? What prescription might he have had for his country? What legacy do you think has left us? Thomas Hobbes: A Voice of Absolutism How might people who supported Parliament over the monarch have argued against Hobbes? They might say that a body such as Parliament can provide the “common power” necessary for society to function properly.

III. The Zenith of the Royal State A. The Nature of Absolute Monarchy Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651) Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Expansion of Russia under Peter the Great III. The Zenith of the Royal State B. Absolutism in the East Frederick William the Great Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia Peter I the Great Defeats Sweden, Poltava, 1709 Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

III. The Zenith of the Royal State C. The Origins of French Absolutism Cardinal Richelieu, Louis XIII raison d'etat intendants D. Louis le Grand, Louis XIV Cardinal Jules Mazarin Louis XIV, personal rule 1661 Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Minister of Finance Marquis de Louvois, Minister of War The Court of Versailles Edict of Nantes, revoked, 1685 Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

How did Versailles help Louis achieve this goal? L’état, c’est moi. How does this transparency illustrate the central role that Louis XIV played? How did Versailles help Louis achieve this goal?

French Absolutism Successes Failures Successes Ended religious civil war bringing order, stability back Colbert’s mercantilist policies brought in vast revenues. Military reforms created an unrivaled military power. Glittering court served as a model for other absolutist monarchs across Europe Failures Absolutist policies: Un roi, une loi, une foi (One king, one law, one faith) led to Revocation of Edict of Nantes 1685 which drained France of some of its most productive citizens. Extravagance of court and continuous wars bankrupted France French nobility became a parasite with little experience in governance at either local or national level. Dependant on the strength of the ruler, France suffered under less talented kings.

From Renaissance to Revolution Week of 10/14 Complete in-class activities Review for Cumulative AP Practice Test, Chp. 10-15 Assignments Due by 10/21 Notes : View Bucholz lectures, 9-12 Read Baroque Art, (photocopies) Annotated Mona Lisa and Reminders Sat. Seminar, 10/15 from 8-11 (AP Test 1, may substitute a grade) Sat. Seminar, Nov. 19 Sat. Seminar, Dec. 17 Mid-term Exam: Sat., Jan. 7 Expansion of France From Renaissance to Revolution

Assignments Due Mon. 10/17 Read Chapter 17 Complete 1 part of collaborative study guide. E-mail to designated coordinator, who will provide specific instructions.