 Why were small states able to play a significant role in European affairs in the 17 th Century?  Sweden????

 Brandenburg Elector of Brandenburg – Hohenzollern  Inheritance and gains from 30 yr. War Duchy of Prussia  Frederick William (The Great Elector)  Frederick III ---King Fredrick I  Frederick William I – doubled the size of the army  Frederick II (the Great) doubles the size of Prussia

Militarism of Prussia Militarism ○ Policy?? Alliances ○ Side with France against H__________ ○ Side with Sweden against P___________ Standing army was almost independent of the state Junkers and their position in the military Frederick the Great

MongolsE. Orthodox No Warm Water Ports

Development of Russia Ivan III Ivan IV “The Terrible” Time of Troubles Romanovs Serfdom Stephen Razin Russian Orthodox Church Old Believers

Foreign Policy Expansion Where & Why Great Northern War / St. Petersburg Domestic Policy Westernization State Services Serfdom Religious Policy Secularization of Russian Orthodox Church Old Believers