 William III of Orange ( )  Republic

 Mostly Protestant  Calvinist Reformed Church- official church of the nation.  Jews, Catholics, and Protestants lived in relative peace.

 Urban consolidation  Transformed agriculture  Extensive trade and finance  Overseas commercial empire

 Fish industry  Textile industry  Shipbuilding  Dutch East India Company

 Internal disunity  Lacked a strong political leader  Technology became outdated  Fishing industry dropped

 Less advanced than western Europe.  Agrarian economy  Little trade  Constant warfare and alliances

 King John III of Sobieski fought the Turks who were invading Vienna.  No relation to actress Leelee Sobieski

 The central legislative body of Polish nobles  Ineffective

 Each delegate had veto power and could call the body to disband.  Effects?

 Austria, Hungary, Silesia, Galicia, Moravia, Bohemia

 Stopped Turkish advances into Europe.  Stopped Louis XIV.  Gained control of Mediterranean

 Succeeded Joseph I who had succeeded Leopold  Habsburg emperor involved in the plot to overthrow Peter with the help of Aleksei.

 Charles VI- had no male heir.  Pragmatic Sanction- provided the legal basis for a single line of inheritance through Charles VI’s daughter Maria Theresa.

 There would be a single line of inheritance through the Habsburg family. (Maria Theresa)  Empire was open to military threats w/ little money in the treasury or military.

 Many religions, many ethnicities.  Charles VI died in 1740, leaving M.T. w/o a strong army or full treasury.  Invaded by Frederick II of Prussia.

 Frederick William- The Great Elector  Frederick I- “King of Prussia”  Frederick William I- made Prussia a military powerhouse in Europe!  Frederick the Great (II)- invaded Silesia, broke alliance w/ Habsburgs.

 Units of officially recognized religious communities.

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