Community Needs-Based Approach to Diaspora Philanthropy Dr. Celia M. Reyes CBMS Network Leader and PEP Co-Director This work was carried out by the PEP-CBMS Network Coordinating Team of the Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI) of De La Salle University, Manila with financial support of the Government of Canada through the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA).

Outline of Presentation CBMS: Background, Design and Key Features Data Generated From CBMS CBMS Core Indicators CBMS Process Current Uses and Applications of CBMS Coverage and Status of CBMS implementation Diaspora Philanthropy and CBMS Sample outputs

Background: CBMS in the Philippines CBMS was developed in the early 1990s to provide a good information base for policymakers and program implementers for monitoring the impacts of economic reforms or policy shocks to the vulnerable groups in the society CBMS addresses the lack of the necessary disaggregated information for poverty analysis and design of appropriate interventions, for targeting of program beneficiaries, and for program-impact monitoring It is envisioned to be a tool for improving local governance and accountability in managing resources while empowering communities to participate in the process

CBMS: Design It is designed as an organized process of data collection, processing, validation, and integration of data in the local development processes A tool intended for improved governance and greater transparency and accountability in resource allocation CBMS generates a core set of indicators that are being measured to determine the welfare status of the population. These indicators capture the multidimensional aspects of poverty. It uses freeware customized for CBMS-data encoding, processing and poverty mapping

Key Features of CBMS Involves a census of all households in a community LGU-based while promoting community participation Taps existing LGU-personnel/community members as monitors Has a core set of indicators but system is flexible enough to accommodate additional indicators Establishes database at each geopolitical level

Data generated from CBMS Core set of indicators which covers the multidimensional nature of poverty Other LGU-specific indicators relating to: Disabilities, natural calamities, migration, waste management, access to programs, electoral participation, community organization Data can be disaggregated across population sub- groups and geo-political levels (by barangay, municipality/city)

Survival Security Enabling Health Food & Nutrition H20 & Sanitation Shelter Peace & Order Income Employment Education 1. Child deaths (0-5 yrs. old) 2. Women deaths due to pregnancy -related causes 3. Malnourished children (0-5 yrs. old) 4. HHs w/o access to safe water 5. HHs w/o access sanitary toilet 6. HHs who are squatters 7. HHs living in makeshift housing 8. HHs victimized by crimes 9. HHs w/income below poverty threshold 10. HHs w/income below food threshold 11. HHs who experienced food shortage 12. Unemployment 13. Elementary school participation 14. High school participation CBMS Indicators Dimensions of Poverty Core Indicators CBMS Core Indicators

Data that can be generated from CBMS

CBMS Process Step 1 Advocacy / Organization Step 1 Advocacy / Organization Step 2 Data Collection and Field Editing (Training Module 1) Step 2 Data Collection and Field Editing (Training Module 1) Step 4 Processing and Mapping (Training Module 3) Step 4 Processing and Mapping (Training Module 3) Step 5 Data validation and Community Consultation Step 5 Data validation and Community Consultation Step 7 Plan Formulation (Training Module 4) Step 7 Plan Formulation (Training Module 4) Step 8 Dissemination/ Implementation and Monitoring Step 8 Dissemination/ Implementation and Monitoring Step 3 Data Encoding and Map Digitizing (Training Module 2) Step 3 Data Encoding and Map Digitizing (Training Module 2) Step 6 Knowledge (Database) Management Step 6 Knowledge (Database) Management

Current Uses and Applications of CBMS Local development planning and budgeting Monitoring the achievement of the millennium development goals (MDGs) Poverty diagnosis, design and targeting of interventions Program impact monitoring Monitoring the impacts of shocks

Other Specific Uses of CBMS Ten provinces have used CBMS data for the preparation of their provincial MDG reports which would serve as guide for its efforts towards achieving the MDGs by CBMS has provided basis for evaluation of development grant proposals for poverty reduction projects at the local level funded by UNDP since 2006 to present. CBMS has been used to monitor the impact of UNDP- development grant projects at the local level

Other Specific Uses of CBMS CBMS has been used by local government units as basis for its project proposals to other development agencies (e.g. ADB and JICA) to fund development projects in their localities. CBMS is currently being used in monitoring the impacts on poverty of the global financial crisis

CBMS Data Repositories CBMS databases have been established at the national and local levels At the national level, the CBMS database is installed at NAPC, DILG, LMP and the PEP-CBMS Network Office Regular capacity building workshops on the use and updating of the said CBMS databases have been conducted by the PEP-CBMS Network

Coverage of CBMS implementation in the Philippines 18, 706 barangays in 710 municipalities and 46 cities in 61 provinces (32 of which are provincewide)

CBMS and Diaspora Philanthropy

Diaspora Philanthropy and CBMS: Convergence Internationally, migration had been recognized as a significant contributor to development and poverty reduction There has been an increasing role of diaspora associations as development partners Diaspora philanthropy had been gradually shifting away from short-term projects to long- term and income generating activities

Information from CBMS can be used as basis for priority projects that can be funded by diaspora organizations CBMS fosters community participation in identifying problems, devising solutions, and monitoring progress Robust link with local and national government translates to policy implications Diaspora Philanthropy and CBMS: Convergence

Sample outputs for CBMS Core Indicators: Brgy. Villa Angeles, Orion, Bataan, 2006

Location of Households with OFWs Villa Angeles, Orion, Bataan, OFW households out of a total of 284 households

Over-all, level of child and maternal health in the barangay is very good. No under-5 and maternal deaths reported. Only 2 out of 95 children aged 0-5 are malnourished.

Housing problems in the barangay are not that significant. Only 4 households are living in makeshift housing. No informal settlers in the barangay.

Access to safe water is still a concern for some households in the community. There are 17 households that do not have access to safe water. Almost all households have access to sanitary toilet facilities.

School participation is very high. Access to education poses no challenge. Only 7 children aged are not attending school. 3 of these are 6 years old children who are not yet attending school. Ages of remaining 4 children are 11, 14, 15 and 16.

Location of households with members 6-16 years old not in school, Villa Angeles, Orion,Bataan, 2006

The poverty situation is modest. Poverty incidence in the barangay is around 18.7%. Subsistence poverty is 9.5% of all households. No household experienced hunger.

Location of households who are income poor Villa Angeles, Orion,Bataan, 2006

Local unemployment is a major issue. Security is good. About 1/4 of the labor force is unemployed. There are only 10 reported cases of crime in the barangay.

Households without OFW are more likely to be multi-dimensionally poor!

Being income poor is more likely associated with having no job

CountryNo. of OFWs USA35 Japan9 UAE8 Saudi Arabia5 Australia4 China4 Hong Kong4 N. Korea4 Qatar4 Others*26 TOTAL103 A large proportion of OFWs are working in the United States of America Location of OFWs *Others consist of countries: Canada, Denmark, Singapore, Guam, Italy, United Kingdom, Bahamas, Brunei Darussalam, India, Israel, S. Korea, Mexico,. Oman, Nigeria, Norway, Sudan, Thailand

**there are 103 OFWs in 88 households. On the average, 58 percent of total income is derived from remittances Source: CBMS Survey, 2006 Dependency on OFW Remittances Remittances as % of incomeNo.% Total88**100

Source: CBMS Survey, 2006 Most of the households with OFW belongs to the highest income quintile in the barangay Income QuintileNo. of HHs HHs with OFW No. % Total Number of and percentage of households with OFWs by Income quintile

CBMS Core IndicatorsMagnitudeProportion Water and Sanitation Proportion of households without access to safe water supply Proportion of households without access to sanitary toilet facilities Education Proportion of children aged 6-12 years old who are not attending elementary school Proportion of children aged years old who are not attending secondary school Proportion of children aged 6-16 years old who are not attending school Income Proportion of households with income below the poverty threshold Proportion of households with income below the food (subsistence) threshold Employment Proportion of persons who are unemployed Barangay Maligaya, Mariveles, Bataan

Further inquiries about the PEP-CBMS Network may be forwarded to: PEP-CBMS Network Office (Asia) Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies 10th Floor, Angelo King International Center, Estrada corner Arellano Streets, Malate, Manila Telefax (632) / loc at: Website: