Good Morning!!! 1.NVC 2.Check Cornell Notes 3.Rise of Labor Unions and the Homestead Strike 4.Immigration (if time) Essential Question: Why did the Homestead Strike of 1892 turn violent? Homework: Rough Draft of Outline due FRIDAY for peer review

Rise of Labor Unions Labor Unions: group of workers organized to protect the interests of its members – AFL (American Federation of Labor) first and largest union for form at this time – Formed in response to low pay and unhealthy working conditions – Collective Bargaining: group negotiations between workers and employers to reach common agreement on wages/working conditions for everyone. – If demands are not met, workers can Strike

Strikes turn Violent Haymarket Affair (1886, Chicago) – Strike over 8 hour work day – Dynamite thrown at a demonstration Pullman Strike (1894, Chicago) – Railroad workers strike over lowered wages – Federal troops break the strike

The Homestead Strike Homestead Steel Mill: owned by Andrew Carnegie – Mill run by Henry Frick Worker contracts expire in 1892 – Frick tries to lower wages – Workers try collective bargaining to keep wages – Frick refuses to negotiate, locks workers out The Homestead Strike – Frick hires Pinkerton Detectives to guard mill – “battle” breaks out when they arrive – Largest uprising since Civil War

Historical Inquiry Why did the Homestead Strike of 1892 turn violent? Amalgamated Association: Worker’s organization that formed at Homestead to collectively bargain

Historical Inquiry: Why did the Homestead Strike of 1892 turn violent? Docs Source: who wrote this document? Do you trust it? Why or why not? Hypothesize: According to this document, why did the Homestead Strike turn violent? Explain Evidence: quotes/info from the document supporting the suggestion Doc A Doc B Doc C

The Homestead Strike Why did the Homestead Strike turn violent? Because of the workers? Henry Frick? The Pinkertons? Some combination? Write 3-5 sentences on the back of your graphic organizer

Transition: Immigration What do you know about your family’s immigration history? Where did your family come from? Why did they come here?

Family

Immigrants Vast majority of immigrants in 1880s from Europe – Also from Asia, Canada, and Mexico Push Factors – Population Growth – Hunger – Lack of Arable (farm) Land – Religious Persecution Pull Factors – Democracy – Jobs – Natural Resources

“American Land”- Bruce Springsteen What is this land of America, so many travel there I'm going now while I'm still young, my darling meet me there Wish me luck my lovely, I'll send for you when I can And we'll make our home in the American land Over there all the woman wear silk and satin to their knees* And children dear, the sweets, I hear, are growing on the trees* Gold comes rushing out the river straight into your hands* If you make your home in the American land* There's diamonds in the sidewalks, there's gutters lined in song Dear I hear that beer flows through the faucets all night long There's treasure for the taking, for any hard working man Who will make his home in the American land I docked at Ellis Island in a city of light and spire I wandered to the valley of red-hot steel and fire**** We made the steel that built the cities with the sweat of our two hands And I made my home in the American land

“American Land”- Bruce Springsteen There's diamonds in the sidewalk, there's gutters lined in song Dear I hear that beer flows through the faucets all night long There's treasure for the taking, for any hard working man Who will make his home in the American land The McNicholas, the Posalski's, the Smiths, Zerillis too** The Blacks, the Irish, the Italians, the Germans and the Jews The Puerto Ricans, illegals, the Asians, Arabs miles from home***-***** Come across the water with a fire down below****** They died building the railroads, worked to bones and skin They died in the fields and factories, names scattered in the wind They died to get here a hundred years ago, they're dyin' now The hands that built the country we're all trying to keep down There's diamonds in the sidewalk, there's gutters lined in song Dear I hear that beer flows through the faucets all night long There's treasure for the taking, for any hard working man Who will make his home in the American land Who will make his home in the American land Who will make his home in the American land

Coming to Americaaaaa! Give me your tired, your poor, your huddles masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door” ~Emma Lazarus 1883, Jewish-American poet

Coming to Americ-uh what?... “Imprisoned in the wooden building day after day, my freedom withheld; how can I bear to talk about it?”– Unknown Chinese Detainee

Life at an Immigration Station Medical Inspections – “Six Second Exam” – Incredibly invasive Legal Interviews – 29 Questions – Some are “trick” questions = trying to deport you 20% fail one of these tests and are detained 2% deported

Life After Ellis/Angel Island Vast majority settle in cities – Tenements: crowded, dirty housing for the poor – Settlement Houses: provide services to help to immigrants Most Americans are hostile to immigrants