University Electronic Publishing through Digital Libraries: Courseware, Theses and Dissertations ICSEP - Valparaiso, Chile, 1 Oct 2002 Edward A. Fox CS DLRL Internet TIC NDLTD CITIDEL NSDL … Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA

Acknowledgements (Selected) Sponsors: ACM, Adobe, IBM, Microsoft, NSF (Grants CDA ; DUE , , ; IIS , , , and ), OCLC, SOLINET, UNESCO, US Dept. Ed. (FIPSE), VTLS, … Faculty/Staff (now): Boots Cassel, Debra Dudley, Lee Giles, Rex Hartson, John Impagliazzo, Deborah Knox, JAN Lee, Kurt Maly, Gail McMillan, Manuel Perez, Muhammad Zubair, … Students: Fernando Das Neves, Marcos Goncalves, Paul Mather, Ryan Richardson, Priya Shivakumar, Hussein Suleman, Wensi Xi, … UNESCO Analytical Survey: Leonid Kalinichenko

Main Message Digital libraries can help advance education. Chile is invited to engage in NSDL, CITIDEL, NDLTD, and other ventures. UNESCO Analytical Survey on Digital Libraries in Education is recommending DLE in each nation. Local and national support can stimulate activities, including collaboration promote a sharing culture, especially in research and teaching leverage others’ investments (networking, computing, …) encourage / facilitate learning, innovation and problem solving

Outline DL Introduction Concept Maps Case Study: NDLTD Case Study: CSTC, CITIDEL Case Study: NSDL Conclusions

Libraries of the Future JCR Licklider, 1965, MIT Press World Nation State City Community

Digital Libraries Shorten the Chain from Editor Publisher A&I Consolidator Library Reviewer

DLs Shorten the Chain to Author Reader Digital Library Editor Reviewer Teacher Learner Librarian

Metadata vs. Data Data refers to digital objects or digital representations of objects Metadata is information about the objects (e.g. title, author, etc.): descriptive, interpretive, administrative, … Many digital library efforts, including the Open Archives Initiative (OAI), focus on metadata, with the implicit understanding that metadata usually contains useful links to the source digital objects Purists would argue metadata is just data

Outline DL Introduction Concept Maps Case Study: NDLTD Case Study: CSTC, CITIDEL Case Study: NSDL Conclusions

Advancing Education Community Building Digital Libraries Educational Resources Sharing through supported by

Community Building example NSDL NDLTD example CITIDEL thru ETD 2003 (Berlin) Training Trainers using ETD Guide National Projects (e.g, Australia, Germany, India, …) thru Manage- ment (see later)

Advancing Education Community Building Digital Libraries Educational Resources Sharing through supported by

Sharing Examples by researchers by teachers by students across roles Tech Reports NCSTRL (Computer Science) Reviews Courseware(recall diagram) ETDs Portfolios example

Advancing Education Community Building Digital Libraries Educational Resources Sharing through supported by

Educational Resource Benefits – 1/2 More resources thru Better resources WWW Accessible Affordable Rewarded Quality Control Fitting to student needs Digital thru because thru Universal educ. DL Focused DLs from thru Buyers club Open Source Automation Awards Publication credit DL tools …

Educational Resource Benefits – 2/2 More resources thru Better resources AccessibleRewarded Quality Control Fitting to student needs Digital because thru DL tools Affordable Composition SmallerMalleability Interactivity Personalization Students select Easier to reuse makes thru supports …

Outline DL Introduction Concept Maps Case Study: NDLTD Case Study: CSTC, CITIDEL Case Study: NSDL Conclusions

A Digital Library Case Study Domain: graduate education, research Genre:ETDs=electronic theses & dissertations Submission: Collection: Project: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations (NDLTD)

The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations Leader of the Worldwide ETD (Electronic Thesis and Dissertation) Initiative Training Authors Expanding Access Preserving Knowledge Improving Graduate Education Enhancing Scholarly Communication Empowering Students & Universities

Grad Program IT Ed. (Tech) Library NDLTD

Key Ideas: Networked infrastructure Scalability Education is the rationale University collaboration Workflow, automation Authors must submit Maximal Access PDF, SGML, MM, MARC, DC, URNs, Federated search Standards 8th graders vs. grads

What led to today’s meeting? 1987 mtg in Ann Arbor: UMI, VT, … 1992 mtg in Washington: CNI, CGS, UMI, VT and 10 universities with 3 reps each 1993 mtg in Atlanta to start Monticello Electronic Library (regional, US Southeast): SURA, SOLINET 1994 mtg at VT: std: PDF + SGML + multimedia objects 1996 funding by SURA, US Dept. of Education (FIPSE) 1997 meetings in UK, Germany, – 1 st symposium – Memphis (20) 1999 – 2 nd symposium – Blacksburg (70) 2000 – 3 rd symposium – St. Petersburg (225) 2001 – 4 th symposium – Caltech (200) 2002 – 5 th symposium–BYU; 2003–Berlin; 2004–Kentucky

What are the long term goals? 400K US students / year getting grad degrees are exposed / involved 200K/yr rich hypermedia ETDs that may turn into electronic portfolios (images, video, audio, …) Dramatic increase in knowledge sharing: literature reviews, bibliographies, … Services providing lifelong access for students: browse, search, prior searches, citation links Hundreds/thousands of downloads / year / work

Convene Local Planning Group ETD

Build Local ETD Site Digital Library Policies Inspection/Approval Workshop/Training ETD

NDLTD Computer Resources Research Literature Student Prepares Thesis/Dissertation

Student Defends & Finalizes ETD My Thesis ETD

Student Gets Committee Signatures and Submits ETD Signed Grad School

Graduate School Approves ETD, Student is Graduated Ph.D.

Library Catalogs ETD, Access is Opened to the New Research WWW NDLTD

National / Regional Projects Australia U. New South Wales (lead) U. of Melbourne U. of Queensland U. of Sydney Australian National U. Curtin U. of Technology Griffith U. Germany Humboldt University (lead) 3 other universities 5 learned societies: Math, Physics, Chemistry, Sociology, Education 1 computing center 2 major libraries OhioLINK: 79 colleges/univs Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya, as group, 9 sites India Korea Brazil UK (British Library, JISC, Edinburgh) UNESCO (especially Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa)

Some Countries Australia Belgium Brazil Canada China, Hong Kong Columbia Finland France Germany India (Hyderabad) Italy Korea Mexico Netherland Norway Russia Singapore S. Africa (Rhodes U.) S. Korea Spain Sudan Sweden Taiwan UK USA

Institutional Members British Library Cinemedia Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC) Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya Diplomica.com Dissertation.com Dissertationen Online (Germany) ETDweb, a Division of Answer4.com Ibero-American Science & Technology Education Consortium (ISTEC) National Documentation Centre (NDC), Greece National Library of Portugal (for all universities) OCLC Online Computer Library Center OhioLINK Organization of American States (SEDI/OAS) Southeastern Library Network (SOLINET) UNESCO (

Access Possibilities Web search engines library catalog clients www. theses. org www. openarchives. org 3 rd Party Services (e.g., UMI) Virginia Tech National Library of Portugal CBUC (Spain) Ohio Link MITNational Projects: AU, GE, …

Example Architecture (NDLTD) Humboldt Duisburg MIT Filter MIT Browse Union Catalog SearchRecent User Interface OAI/ODL archive OAI/ODL protocol legend Virginia Tech PhysNet CalTech Dresden

ODL Demonstration - FrontPage

ODL Demonstration - Search

ODL Demonstration - Browse

Complex to Simple MARC ($50)Dublin Core (DC) + thesis

ETD-MS ETD Metadata Standard XML-encoded metadata standard (content and encoding) for Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) in part conforming to Dublin Core (DC) using UNICODE (optionally / later using RDF) Well specified relationship with MARC

NDLTD Members and ETD-MS NDLTD members will Share metadata for their ETDs Providing that in either ETD-MS Or if they use a version of MARC locally, work to have that eventually shared in either MARC21 or UNIMARC Run OAI, either locally or in consortia, so their metadata can be harvested, according to necessary terms and conditions

Some recent additions ETD individuals support ETD discussion (e-prints) Conference papers and presentations Marcel Dekker book in publication

What are plans at VT? LOCKSS welcomed us Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe MARIAN: harvest, crawl/scrape, fed search Metadata crosswalks and format converters XML schema for ETDs Open Digital Libraries: easy to add services!

Union catalog? (OCLC) OCLC will expand the OAI data provider on TDs Will get data from WorldCat Will harvest from all who contact them Need DC and either ETD-MS or MARC Will have a set for ETDs

Union catalog? (VTLS, VT) VTLS will enhance search/browse service for ETDs Will harvest from OCLC’s set of ETD records Will receive through other mechanisms, too Will work with MARC-21 and ETD-MS VT will continue to offer experimental services

NUDL ( ) Int’l Research Support Networked University Digital Library Partners: Germany, Mexico (Puebla and Monterrey), Brazil Problems: Multilingual search, high performance DLs, requirements/usability, … Start with ETDs, then expand to other student works, portfolios, data sets, (CS) courseware,...

Outline DL Introduction Concept Maps Case Study: NDLTD Case Study: CSTC, CITIDEL Case Study: NSDL Conclusions

CS Teaching Center (CSTC) Instead of building large, expensive multimedia packages, that become obsolete and are difficult to re-use, concentrate on small knowledge units. Learners benefit from having well-crafted modules that have been reviewed and tested. Use digital libraries to build a powerful base of support for learners, upon which a variety of courses, self-study tutorials & reference resources can be built.

JERIC JER iCJournal of Educational Resources in Computing Accessible from and ACM and SIGCSE support Refereed and interactive Part of ACM Digital Library

Computing and Information Technology Interactive Digital Education Library, an NSDL Collection Track project Led by Virginia Tech, with co-PIs: Fox (director, DL systems) Lee (history) Perez (user interface, Spanish support) Partners College of New Jersey (Knox) Hofstra (Impagliazzo) Villanova (Cassel) Penn State (Giles)

Summary of Spring 2001 Survey of CITIDEL-related Collections and their Sizes Size of Collection 1-5 items items items items Number of Collections Identified

CITIDEL Collection Sources metadata JERIC fulltext Experts’ finding aids IEEE-CS … include CSTCResearch Index ACM NEC’s data processed w. R.I. SIGCSE proceedings ACM DL include Borner’s info viz software repository NCSTRL

CITIDEL Collection Building thru aided by after using or thru using Submitting VIADUCT GetSmart Searching, Browsing Classifying Nominating Crawling Crawlifier thru Composing include after Creating include after

Overview of CITIDEL architecture

Distributed repository structure

Digital library architecture for local and interoperable CITIDEL services

Outline DL Introduction Concept Maps Case Study: NDLTD Case Study: CSTC, CITIDEL Case Study: NSDL Conclusions

NSDL Information Architecture Essentially as developed by the Technical Infrastructure Workgroup referenced items & collections referenced items & collections Special Databases NSDL Services NSDL Services Other NSDL Services CI Services annotation CI Services discussion CI Services personalization CI Services authentication CI Services browsing Core Services: information retrieval Core Collection- Building Services harvesting Core Collection- Building Services protocols Core Services: metadata gathering Portals & Clients Portals & Clients Portals & Clients Usage Enhancement Collection Building User Interfaces NSDL Collections NSDL Collections NSDL Collections Core NSDL “Bus”

Goal Core Integration Track (FY00 pilots, FY01 full) Collections Track Services Track Targeted Research Track NSDL operational Dec. 2002

NSDL Tracks include CI (Core Integration) ServicesCollections Research CITIDELGetSmart Concept Maps include supports

NSDL Management are guides includes Standing Committees CI (Core Integration) Task Forces Policy Committee National Visiting Committee NSF Staff Community Services Technology Sustainability Educational Impact Content

NSDL Serving Users thru Organization Labeling Student Teacher Administrator Librarian Curricula Shared Intellectual Property EconomicsCommunity Commercial Metadata Funding: Initiating, Leveraging Volunteering: Leaders of Innovation part thru part Topical Categories Community Discussion Expert Selection

Outline DL Introduction Concept Maps Case Study: NDLTD Case Study: CSTC, CITIDEL Case Study: NSDL Conclusions

Selected Links CITIDEL NDLTD NSDL Virginia Tech Digital Library Courseware Virginia Tech Digital Library Research Laboratory (DLRL) (5S, 5SL, AmericanSouth.Org, CSTC, ENVISION, MARIAN, NDLTD, NSDL, OAI, ODL)

Advancing Education Community Building Digital Libraries Educational Resources Sharing through supported by

Conclusions Digital libraries can help advance education. Chile is invited to engage in NSDL, CITIDEL, NDLTD, and other ventures. UNESCO Analytical Survey on Digital Libraries in Education is recommending DLE in each nation. Local and national support can stimulate activities, including collaboration promote a sharing culture, especially in research and teaching leverage others’ investments (networking, computing, …) encourage / facilitate learning, innovation and problem solving