Eugene Delacroix Liberty leading the People; Painted on 28 July 1830,

Modern Art Modern Art is: -Less literal -Non representational -Concerned with process/materials -Fragmented - Concerned with the perceptions of the viewer which are often intentionally manipulated.

Neoclassical ’s to 1800’s Romanticism – 1800’s to 1850’s Realism – 1840’s to Late 1800’s Pre-Raphaelites Impressionism – 1870’s to 1890’s Post Impressionism – 1880’s to early 1900’s Neo-impressionism Fauvism Cubism – 1907

Impressionists 1874 Monet Pissarro Claude Monet Edgar Degas Pierre-Auguste Renoir Berthe Morisot Alfred Sisley Camille Pissarro Mary Cassatt Characteristics of their work: Short, broken brushstrokes Pure unblended colours Emphasis on the effects of light. Modern subject matter Characteristics of the movement: Embraced modern life Incorporated new technology and ideas of the time Rejected the established styles of the Academy New clientele

Claude Monet La Grenouillère, 1869

The substance of modern life is the subject of impressionism…. “…having no governing system beyond the acuity of the artists’ eye and the sensuous efficiency of his brush strokes, knitting their pattern swiftly across the surface.” (Hughes on Impressionism) Impressionists rejected many styles of art that preceded them. They had common ideas, but their styles differed. Characteristics of Impressionism: – Advocated painting outside. – Chose subjects found in nature. – Studied the effects of atmosphere and light on people and objects. Through investigation, they arrived at an awareness of certain visual phenomena, with light. Technical discoveries were made from these revelations; they produced atmospheric paintings.

Flooded with light Networks of color patches reflecting in bodies of water—rivers, lakes, oceans, Mirror imagery. Glistens, vibrates the sensation of light and its interplay with color is prominent in most Impressionist paintings. Luminosity, color patches—brush strokes having no uniform pattern to them…atmospheric depictions of nature and humans, the interplay of reality and reflections, light, shadows and patterns. A type of realism or representation

Barmaid stares out at us What is the mirror reflecting? Trapeze in upper far left corner. Study of contrasts Displacement Ambiguity Double character-a bar? The mystery of the girl’s face?

The Cup of Tea

La Toilette-1891 Mary Cassatt

Maternal Caress 1891-Mary Cassatt

Mother Playing with Child 1897-Mary Cassatt

Post-Impressionism The artists: Georges Seurat – Started Pointillism Paul Cézanne – Started Abstraction – Most significant was his collapsing of space. Vincent van Gogh – Started Expressionism Paul Gauguin – Use of intensified color. – Known for Symbolism Henri Toulouse-Lautrec

POST-IMPRESSIONISM Post-Impressionism The Post-Impressionists’ ideals were similar, but their styles and techniques were very different. Two groups of Post-Impressionism: 1. One group had a systematic approach to composition, brushwork, and color. Artists included Georges Seurat & Paul Cezanne 2. And, a second that had more texture in their brushwork, and coordinated line and color with symbolism and emotion. Artists included Vincent Van Gogh & Paul Gauguin.

Pines & Rocks Paul Cezanne

Le Chateau Noir

FAUVISM Fauvism was a joyful style of painting that delighted in using outrageously bold colors. It was developed in France at the beginning of the 20th century by Henri Matisse and André Derain. The artists who painted in this style were known as 'Les Fauves' (the wild beasts), a title that came from a sarcastic remark in a review by the art critic Louis Vauxcelles.

HENRI MATISSE ( ) 'The Open Window, Collioure', 1905 (oil on canvas)

The Dance-1909 Henri Matisse

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon marks a radical break from traditional composition and perspective in painting. It depicts five naked women with figures composed of flat, splintered planes and faces inspired by Iberian sculpture and African masks. The compressed space the figures inhabit appears to project forward in jagged shards; a fiercely pointed slice of melon in the still life of fruit at the bottom of the composition teeters on an impossibly upturned tabletop. These strategies would be significant in Picasso’s subsequent development of Cubism, charted in this gallery with a selection of the increasingly fragmented compositions he created in this period. Picasso unveiled the monumental painting in his Paris studio after months of revision. The Avignon of the work’s title is a reference to a street in Barcelona famed for its brothel. In Picasso’s preparatory studies for the work, the figure at the left was a man, but the artist eliminated this anecdotal detail in the final painting.

There are two distinct phases of the Cubist style: Analytical Cubism (pre 1912) and Synthetic Cubism (post 1912). Cubism influenced many other styles of modern art including Expressionism, Futurism, Orphism, Vorticism, and Constructivism. Other notable artists associated with Cubism were Juan Gris, Fernand Leger, Robert Delaunay, Albert Gleizes, Jean Metzinger, Louis Marcoussis and Marie Laurencin.