Vocabulary Words

Acceleration

 The rate at which velocity is changing in magnitude, direction or both

Average Speed

 Path distance divided by time interval

Elapsed Time

 Time that passed since the beginning of an event

Free Fall

 Motion under the influence of the gravitational force

Instantaneous Speed

 Speed at any instant of time

Rate

 How much something changes per unit of time

Relative

 Regarded in relation to something else

Speed

 How fast something is moving, distance moved over time

Velocity

 Speed together with the direction of motion

OOne of the vectors, often mutually perpendicular, whose sum is a resultant vector.

Projectile

AAn object that moves through the air or space acted on only by gravity.

Resolution

TThe process of determining the components of a vector.

Resultant

TThe vector sum of two or more component vectors.

Satellite

AAn object that falls around Earth or some other body rather than into it.

Scalar Quantity

AA scaled amount only.

Vector

AAn arrow whose length represents the magnitude of a quantity and whose direction represents the direction of the quantity.

Vector Quantity

IIncludes a magnitude and direction.

In general, a state of balance

Newton’s second law of motion- force and acceleration

Air resistance  Friction, or drag, that acts on something moving through the air.

Fluid  Anything that flows, in particular, any liquid or gas.

Free-body diagram  A diagram showing all the forces acting on an object.

Inversely  When two values change in opposite directions, so that if one is doubled the other is reduced to one half, they are said to be inversely proportional to each other.

Newton’s second law  The acceleration produced by a net force on a body is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, is in the same direction as the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the body.

Pascal  The SI unit of pressure. One Pascal of pressure exerts a normal force of one Newton per square meter.

Pressure  Force per surface area where the force is normal to the surface; measured in Pascals.

Terminal Velocity  Terminal speed together with the direction (down for falling objects).

Terminal speed  The speed at which the acceleration of a falling object is zero because friction balances the weight.

Key Terms

OOne of the pair of forces described in Newton’s Third Law

 Action Force

AA mutual action between objects where each object exerts an equal but opposite force on the other

 Interaction

WWhenever one body exerts a force on another body the second body exerts an equal and opposite force on the first

 Newton’s Third Law

TThe force that is equal in strength and opposite in direction to the action force, which acts simultaneously on whatever is exerting the action force

 Reaction Force

Chapter 7 Vocabulary

Electric charge that remains unchanged during interactions

Colliding objects rebound without lasting deformation or heat generation

Product of force and time interval during which force acts

Colliding objects become distorted and\or generate heat during the collision

Absence of a net external force, the momentum of an object or system of objects is unchanged

Product of mass and the velocity of an object -Has Magnitude and direction

Chapter 8 Vocabulary

Useful work output divided by the total work input

Enables an object to do something

Pivot point

SI unit of work

Energy of motion equal to half the mass, multiplied by the speed squared

Energy can’t be created or destroyed

Machine made of bar that turns about a fixed point

Device used to multiple forces or simply to change direction of forces

Ratio of output force to the input

Energy due to position or movement of something

Stored and held in readiness

Rate at which work is done or energy is transformed, equal to the work done or energy transformed divided by time -Measured in Watts

Kind of lever used to change direction of a force

SI unit of power

The product of a force of an object and the distance through which the object is moved

States that whenever work is done, energy changes

Shawna Foyle, Brittany Pyeritz, Mark Shandrick

AXiS

 The straight line around which an object may rotate or revolve.  A horizontal or vertical reference line in a graph

CENTRiFUGAL FORCE

The outward force on a rotating or revolving body - Fictitious (made up)

CENTRiPETAL FORCE

The center directed force that causes an object to move in a curved path

Linear Speed

The path of distance moved per unit of time - Aka speed

Revolution

Motion of an object turning around an axis outside the object

Rotation

The spinning motion that takes place when an object rotates about an axis - Located within the object

Rotational Speed

The number of rotations or revolutions per unit of time - Measured in revolutions per minute - RPM

Tangential Speed

The speed of an object moving around a circular path

CHAPTER 10

Center of Gravity

Point at the center of an objects weight distribution where the force of gravity can be considered to act

Center of Mass

Point at the center of an objects mass distribution where all its mass can be considered to be concentrated

Neutral Equilibrium

The state of an object balanced so any small movement neither raises nor lowers its center of gravity

Stable Equilibrium

The state of an object balanced so that any small displacement or rotation raises the center of gravity

Unstable Equilibrium

The state of an object balance so any small displacement or rotation lowers center of gravity

By Steve Schott Nick Pesanka & Jake Pulsifer

Ch. 11 Angular momentum

Ch. 11 The production of rotational inertia and rotational velocity.

Ch. 11 LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM

If no unbalanced external torque acts on a rotating system the angular momentum of that system is constant.

LEVER ARM

Ch. 11 The perpendicular distance between an axis and the line of action of a force that tends to produce rotation about the axis.

Ch. 11 Linear momentum

Ch. 11 Product of the mass and the velocity of an object, a.k.a. momentum

Ch. 11 Rotational inertia

Ch.11 The reluctance of an object to change its state of rotation, determined by the distribution of the mass of the object in the location of the axis of rotation or revolution.

Ch. 11 Rotational Velocity

Ch. 11 Rotational speed together with a direction for the axis of rotation or revolution.

Ch. 11 The rotational analog of force is _______. Hint: Tends to produce rotational acceleration.

Ch. 11 Torque DUH.

Moving to Ch. 12 Inverse Square law

Ch. 12 The weakening of gravity with distance.

Ch. 12 Which law states that: Every object attracts every other object with a force that for any two objects is directly proportional to the mass of each object.

Ch. 12 Law of universal gravitation

Ch. 12 Perturbatio n

Ch.12 The deviation of an orbiting object from its path around a center of force caused by the action of an additional center of force.

Ch. 12 Universal Gravitational Constant

Ch.12 A constant G in the equation for Newton’s law of universal gravitation; measures the strength of gravity.

Holl Ball Madeja & Kelsey Lloyd

Electrical Forces.  A force that one charge exerts on another.

Electrostatics.  Electricity at rest.

Charge.  The attracting and repelling behavior.

Conservation of Charge.  Charge is not created or destroyed but can be transferred.

Coulomb’s Law.  F = k q1 – q2 / d^2

Coulomb.  SI unit for charge.

Conductors.  Good for the motion of electrical charges.

Insulators.  Poor conductors of electricity.

Semiconductors.  Behaves sometimes as insulators& sometimes as conductors.

Superconductors.  At temps near absolute zero these materials require infinite conductivity.

Induced.  Electrical charge that distributes on another object because of a nearby charge.

Induction.  The charging of an object without direct conduct.

Grounding. AAllowing charges to move freely along a connection between a conductor and the ground.

Electrically Polarized.  Charges are aligned so that one side is slightly more positive than negative.

Electric field.  A force field around every electrical charge or any group of charges.

Electrical Potential Energy.  Energy a charge has due to it’s location in an electric field.

Electric Potential.  Electric potential energy per coulomb at a location in an electric field.

Volt. SSI unit for electric potential.

Voltage.  Electric potential.

Capacitor. AA device where electrical energy can be stored.

Ac current that repeatedly changes direction

SI unit for electrical current

An electircal device that restricts the current to flow in one direction

Dc current that moves in only one direction

The flow of electric charge, measured in amps

The rate at which electrical energy in converted into another form of energy

Resistance of a material to the flow of an electric current

SI unit for electrical current

The Statement that the current in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage impressed across the circuit, and is inversely proportional to the resistance of the circiuit

The difference in electrical potential

Any Path along which electrons can flow

Forms branches that electrical current can travel along to get to the devices

Single path for the flow of electricity

Devices that are connected to the same two spots so that the current can flow through each device individually

A diagram of a circuit that uses symbols to show devices

A circuit that in which the flow of electricity must flow through each device in turn