How to solve missing view problems and other mysteries of 3D worlds

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Presentation transcript:

How to solve missing view problems and other mysteries of 3D worlds Lab 3--Developing visual 3D skills: How to solve missing view problems and other mysteries of 3D worlds <Lab3-F2012-HowTo-missviewMissline-v3.pptx>

Objectives for the lab Learn how to Do simple isometric drawings1 Do simple multiview drawings And overall -- develop visualizing skills so that you can move back & forth among isometric ( & other pictorial) & multiview drawings to develop your ideas 1 Lecture 4 will provide additional detail about isometric drawings, as part of “pictorial” projections.

Developing Visualizing Skills 1/7 Important to develop skills for Looking at multiview and visualizing the object (or drawing a pictorial such as an isometric) Looking at the object and being able to sketch a multiview Text: shows several ways to develop these skills: Projection studies: look at examples of combined multiview & iso (Recommended: study text fig 5-104, make sure you see the correspondence between iso and each ortho view) Build sample physical models Try these

Adjacent Areas: Developing Visualizing Skills 2/7 Adjacent areas: (key concept) surfaces which are next to each other. Visible line: intersection between 2 planes; so … Boundary between surfaces shows as a line indicating a change in planes No 2 adjacent areas can lie in same plane (i.e. if there is a line, the 2 adjacent planes must not be co-planar) Try to apply this notion: given a top view, sketch several possible objects You Try It: sketch a possible 3-view OR isometric that has the top view shown: Pick 1 or 2 samples of student’s work (3-view or iso) and sketch on board (or sketch in ppt) 4

Adjacent Areas: Developing Visualizing Skills 3/7 The problem: do 3-view or iso that matches the given top view: Possible solutions: What was yours?

Developing Visualizing Skills 4/7 One Technique: Surface Labeling: You did this in Lab. Analysis by Solids and by Surfaces are similar Vertex Labeling: Can help as check in multiview drawing

Similar Shapes: Developing Visualizing Skills 5/7 apply rules 5 & 6: a surface will keep its basic configuration in all views (except of course on edge); so … e.g. If it looks like an ‘ell’ in one view, it’ll look like an ell in ALL views “Ell” “U” Inverted “T” 7

Convention: Arrangement of Orthographic Views Remember the glass box: projecting the object onto its faces and unfolding the faces results in the view placement shown: … and this is the STANDARD view arrangement; you must follow this in all multiview drawings Top View Depth Width NB: distance between Top/Front & Front/Side is arbitrary; you can adjust it. It corresponds to the size of the Glass Box compared to the overall object size. BUT Top/Front MUST be aligned! Same for F/Side Note placement & alignment of views. Remind students a)of reasons for this convention and b)they must follow it for all their home work and exam problems. Crucial to have correct placement, alignment: without it, cannot tell what part of each view goes with what other part! Note : The following can be seen from the slide: T & F: same width, aligned vertically F & R: same height, aligned horizontally T & R: same depth Right Side View Front View Height 8

Developing Visualizing Skills 6/7 Another technique: Missing Line exercises What’s missing from this multiview?

Developing Visualizing Skills 7/7 How to: Missing View exercises

Projection Between Views Given two views of any point, the same point in any other orthographic view can be found A 45º mitre line is used to locate points and transfer depth dimensions between top and side views Why does this work? See slide 17: reflecting thru 45 deg line is equiv to rotation of 90 deg! So reflection is like swinging camera 90 deg or Rotating R side of glass box 90 deg Why does this work? See slide 17: reflecting thru 45 deg line is equiv to rotation of 90 deg! So reflection is like swinging camera 90 deg or rotating R side of glass box 90 deg

Align Bounding Boxes of each View WIDTH DEPTH TOP WIDTH DEPTH Miter line at 45° HEIGHT HEIGHT FRONT RIGHT

Sketch Features – View Projection TOP Miter line at 45° FRONT RIGHT

Line “Order” 1. Visible 2. Hidden 3. Center Draw lines in this order: From Bertoline: Figure 2.38 / Pg 42 In technical drawing, it is important that hidden features be represented, so that the reader of the drawing can clearly understand the object. Thus we need hidden lines to show that those features do exist, but just are hidden in that particular view. We also need center lines to understand how the features defined in the 2D views translate into 3D. NOTE: hidden lines & center lines are used only on Orthographic projection drawings, never on isometric drawings Q: Do we need a convention for what line to show if two lines fall on top of each other? A: Yes! Otherwise features which are more important (eg: visible lines) would be overridden by less important features (eg: hidden lines) and the resulting drawing would be interpreted inaccurately. 2. Hidden 3. Center 14

Add missing view in indicated location. (is there a missing line?)

Add missing view in indicated location. (is there a missing line?) … don’t forget the missing line! 1 what is overall containing bounding brick? You can tell the W & D from top, W H from front! 2. What are basic components? Small block on large, chamfer on lg block. So do next level bbox 3. What are details? a) divide into top & bottom b) “notch out” top to small block c) chamfer side of base

Add missing view in indicated location. 1 what is overall containing bounding brick? You can tell the W D from top, and W H from front! 2. What are basic components? An “Ell” shape. So do next level bbox 3. What are details? a) corner off bottom b) notch out of bottom c) notch out of back of Ell d) corner off back of Ell 4. Add these

Add missing view in indicated location. 1 what is overall containing bounding brick? You can tell the W D from top, and W H from front! 2. What are basic components? An “Ell” shape. So do next level bbox 3. What are details? a) corner off bottom b) notch out of bottom c) notch out of back of Ell d) corner off back of Ell 4. Add these

Add missing view in indicated location. Do bounding box Basic shape: 2 slabs about same thickness Details vertical slab smaller, off-center vert slab: notched

Add missing view in indicated location. Do bounding box Basic shape: 2 slabs about same thickness Details vertical slab smaller, off-center vert slab: notched

In doing this lab, you’ll have learned -- How to do an orthographic projection: Plan views, front views and side views Combining P, F and S into multiview drawings How to do an isometric drawing How to use all of this in solving visualization problems like missing view and missing line Start to develop skills to think and work in 3D, to be able to move back and forth among these views in order to develop your ideas, and to understand those of others

That’s all!