Life Span Chapter 2: Culture

Culture Learned patterns of behavior   Thinking  Decisions  Actions

What is Culture? Shared – Beliefs – Values – Ideas – Doctrine

Culture Health Influences

Cultural Awareness

CULTURE Values Reaction to Death Male / Female roles Diet Child rearing Pain perception Reaction to Stress

Is the USA A.A melting pot B.Salad bowl

Heterogeneous Consists of many ethnic groups.

Beliefs Truths held by a culture

Values Deep feelings that determine what is considered good or bad.

Norms Society accepted rules

Folkways Greeting customs

Laws Written policies enforced by govt.

Mores Strong moral beliefs

Sanctions Social remedies for violating any norms

Symbols Language, gestures, objects used to communicate

Race Similar physical characteristics

Ethnicity Shared cultural heritage

Ethnocentric Belief that your culture is better than another

Stereotyping Fixed, over generalized belief about a group

Transcultural nursing Cultural competence Cultural awareness Cultural sensitivity

Hispanic Largest Fastest growing

Hispanic Head of the family… – Man Personal space – Close when talking

Hispanic Direct eye contact – Avoided – Evil eye Religion – Strong – Catholic

Hispanic Health care – Home remedies – Folk healing – Doctor makes decisions

Hispanic Most common disease – Diabetes – Hypertension – Lactose intolerance

Native Americans Elders – Respected Talking loud – Rude Eye contact – Unacceptable

Native Americans Respect for – The earth Child care – Babies touched less

Native Americans Common diseases – Heart disease – Diabetes – Lactose intolerance

African Americans Eye contact – Aggressive Family organization – Matriarchal Distrust – Health care

African Americans Common diseases – Hypertension – Cancer – Stroke – Diabetes – Kidney disease – Liver disease

Europeans Americans Speech – Loud Eye contact – Essential Touching – Less accepted

European Americans Common diseased – Cancer – Leukemia

Asian Americans Communication – Quiet Eye contact – Disrespectful Touch – Only between same gender

Health – Ying / Yang Common disease – Lactose intolerance – Hypertension – Liver cancer – Stomach cancer

“A group of people who share and are unified by experiences and background based on such factors as socioeconomic status, religion, education and residence.” A.Culture B.Ethnic group C.Ethnocentrism D.Prejudice E.Race

“Belief that their own cultural group’s beliefs and values are the only acceptable ones” A.Culture B.Ethnic group C.Ethnocentrism D.Prejudice E.Race

“Is the learned behavior, values, beliefs, norms, and practices shared by a particular group of people that guide their thinking, decisions and actions” A.Culture B.Ethnic group C.Ethnocentrism D.Prejudice E.Race

“The act or state of holding unreasonable preconceived judgments or convictions.” A.Culture B.Ethnic group C.Ethnocentrism D.Prejudice E.Race

5. “To identify differences in physical characteristics, such as skin color, eye shape and bone structure.” A.Culture B.Ethnic group C.Ethnocentrism D.Prejudice E.Race

Culture / Race / Ethnic group / Prejudice Culture: – “Is the learned behavior, values, beliefs, norms, and practices shared by a particular group of people that guide their thinking, decisions and actions” Race: – “To identify differences in physical characteristics, such as skin color, eye shape and bone structure.” Ethnic group: – “A group of people who share and are unified by experiences and background based on such factors as socioeconomic status, religion, education and residence.” Prejudice – “The act or state of holding unreasonable preconceived judgments or convictions.” Ethnocentrism: – “Belief that their own cultural group’s beliefs and values are the only acceptable ones”

Nation of origin: Asian Communication – National - dialects – Silence / Non-verbal Space – Non contact Time – Present

Nation of origin: Asian Social Orientation – Family: hierarchical – Community > self Environmental control – Traditional medicine Biologic Variations – Liver & stomach CA; HTN; lactose intolerance

Nation of origin: African Communication – Dialects Space – Close personal space Time – Present over future

Nation of origin: African Social Orientation – Many single parents – Large extended family – Church Environmental control – Traditional medicine Biologic Variations – Sickle cell anemia; HTN; lactose intolerance, Stomach CA

Nation of origin: European Communication – National + English Space – Noncontact; Aloof Time – Future over present

Nation of origin: European Social Orientation – Nuclear family Environmental control – Modern medicine Biologic Variations – Breast CA; heart disease; Diabetes

Nation of origin : Native American Communication – Tribal – Silence and body language Space – VERY important Time – Present

Nation of origin: Native American Social Orientation – FAMILY – Respect & traditions Environmental control – Traditional healing Biologic Variations – Heart disease, diabetes, Cirrhosis of the liver

Nation of origin: Hispanic Communication – Spanish/Portuguese Space – Touch Time – Present

Nation of origin: Hispanic Social Orientation – Family nuclear + extended Environmental control – Traditional medicine Biologic Variations – Diabetes, lactose intolerance

“People of every culture have the right to have their cultural values known, respected, and addressed appropriately” The nurse must be … – Sensitive – Aware – Respectful

6 cultural characteristic Communication Space Social orientation Time Environmental control Biological variations

Religious Care Consideration Islam: – Prayers – washing, privacy – Caregivers same gender – Food: Do not eat pork or alcohol – Fasting: Ramadan

Religious Care Consideration Judaism – Sabbath (Friday night – Saturday night) avoid activities – Food: Kosher (not milk + meat); NO PORK

Religious Care Consideration Hinduism – Vegetarian – No BEEF – (Cows are sacred)

Religious Care Consideration Catholic: – No meat on Friday – Religious icons – Anointment for healing, and when death imminent

Religious Care Consideration The Church of Jesus Christ of LDS/Mormon – No tea, coffee, alcohol – Wear special underclothing

Methodist – On request clergy anoint with oil Lutheran – On request clergy anoint with oil

Religious Care Consideration Assemblies of God – May seek divine healing thought prayer and laying on of hands

Religious Care Consideration Jehovah’s Witness – No blood transfusions – Do not observe national / religious holidays

Religious Care Consideration 7 th day Adventist – No caffeine, pork, shell fish, – Many vegetarian – Sabbath is on Saturday

Religious Care Consideration Christian Science – Gen. do not seek traditional medical treatment – Avoid immunizations on religious grounds

Cultural influences Technological Religious & philosophical Kinship and social Cultural values and life- ways Political and legal Economic Educational

Homework Read – Key words – Learning objectives – Review questions Lecture notes

Test Reading & lecture