Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3 ALCOS # 13.Describe the economic and social impact of World War II on Alabamians. Recognizing Alabama participants in World War II (Tuskegee Airmen, women in the military) OUTCOME Students will be able to recognize Alabama participants in WWII by completing a graphic organizer.

Think of someone you consider to be a true hero. This person may be a hero for some public act of bravery, or maybe considered a hero for something they have quietly done to help others. You could easily tell what they did to be considered a hero, but I want you to think about their personality and day to day behavior. Brainstorm as many adjectives as you can to describe this person’s personality. (1minute to brainstorm) Turn and talk to your partner/group and share your thinking. Circle any adjectives that both have in common In this lesson, you will learn about the different “heroes” of WWII that have Alabama connections. Use your graphic organizer to list these people and acknowledge them for their many acts of bravery. Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

∙ Marine General Holland Smith (Seale in Russel County) – developed the tactics of landing on beaches. ∙ Crommelin Family (Wetumpka) – had 5 sons graduate from the Naval Academy. 2 were killed in plane crashes and the other 3 all served in the Pacific ∙ Howard Walter Gilmore (Selma) – won the Medal of Honor when his submarine was attacked and had to make the brave decision to submerge, which saved his men but cost him his life. Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

∙ Staff Sergeant Henry “Red” Erwin (Adamsville and Bessemer) – was on a bombing raid over Tokyo when a phosphorous bomb accidently went off inside the plane. He took the burning explosive in his hands and threw it from the plane while the plane spiraled out of control. He was able to gain control, land the plane safely, but had to have many operations to close the burns and scars all over his body. ∙ 1 st Lt. William Lawley Jr. (Montgomery)– won the Medal of Honor for landing a badly damaged B-17 and saving his crew though he was wounded. A bridge outside Wetumpka is named in his honor. ∙ Of the 469 men who were awarded the Medal of Honor, 12 had Alabama connections. Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

∙ 3 cruisers were named for Alabama cities- the Mobile, the Birmingham, and the Tuscaloosa- and one battleship was named the Alabama. ∙ The Alabama, a WWII battleship, was christened in It saw action in the Atlantic and later in the Pacific. It was part of the escort for the U.S.S. Missouri, which steamed into Tokyo Bay to receive the surrender of the Japanese in September ∙ schoolchildren of Alabama supported a campaign that brought the battleship back to Mobile. There it lies at anchor and serves as a memorial to the brave Alabamians and Americans who served in WWII. Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

∙ Many African Americans moved to northern and western cities because there was less discrimination and more opportunities than in the south. They entered the military, where they received technical training and new job experiences. ∙ African Americans were very important in keeping the front lines supplied with gasoline, ammunition, food, and water. Many drove the supply trucks and trained as pilots at Tuskegee. Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

∙ By the time WWII was over, the African American flyers (Tuskegee Airmen) of the 99 th Pursuit Squadron and the 332 nd Fighter Group had an impressive record of victories in the skies over Germany. ∙ The training began at the Army Air Corps field in Tuskegee where a steady stream of skilled pilots began to graduate. These pilots were important in flying fighter escort for American bombers on raids over Germany. ∙ After the war, many of the Tuskegee airmen stayed in service. Benjamin O. Davis(Washington D.C.) became the 1 st African American general in the U.S. Air Force. Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

Learn More Interesting Facts About Bejamin O. Davis Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

∙ After Germany was defeated in Africa, captured troops were transferred to America. Many came to Alabama to live in newly built prisoner of war (POW) camps. The camp in Aliceville was the 1 st and largest camp in Alabama. These prisoners could not produce weapons, but many worked as farm laborers, especially in Baldwin County. ∙ The prisoners were treated well and had a better life than when at war in the desert of North Africa. After the war, they were sent home. ∙ Fall of the Allies were clearly defeating both the German and Japanese armies and navies. Germany surrendered in May 1945, and after the U.S. dropped the atomic bomb on Japan, the Japanese agreed to an unconditional surrender in august. WWII was over! Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

Lesson 3 Review Questions -1. Why is General Benjamin O. Davis remembered as a World War II hero? -2. What 3 WWII ships were named for Alabama cities? -3.When did WWII end? -4. Where was the largest POW camp in Alabama? Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

Lesson 3 Review Answers -1. General Benjamin O. Davis is remembered as a World War II hero because he became the 1 st African American general in the U.S. Air Force WWII ships that were named for Alabama cities? -3.When did WWII end? -4. Where was the largest POW camp in Alabama? Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

stock marketAllieslevees recessionpersecuting NaziAxiscensorsWPA Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

-STOCK MARKET -A place where stocks and bonds are traded Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

-ALLIES -Fought on the same side as United States during World War II Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

-LEVEES -Embankments created to control flooding Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

-RECESSION -A period of economic limitation Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

-Persecuting -Treating someone in a cruel or harmful way to cause suffering Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

-NAZI -Member of the Fascist party that controlled Germany from Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

-AXIS -Germany, Italy, Japan Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

-CENSORS -Officials who read or review materials for the purpose of controlling information Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3

-WPA (Works Progress Administration) -Built part of Alabama Archives building Chapter 8: The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII Lesson 3