Violent Crime in Orange County

Prepared by Dr. Jay Corzine Dr. Jay Corzine Dr. Lin Huff-Corzine Dr. Lin Huff-Corzine Dr. Libby Mustaine Dr. Libby Mustaine Nicholas E. Libby, MA Nicholas E. Libby, MA Christa Polczynski, MS Christa Polczynski, MS Minna Grantham, MA Minna Grantham, MA Michael Bachmann, MA Michael Bachmann, MA Jessica Eson, BA Jessica Eson, BA

United States All numbers are rates per 100,000 population. All numbers are rates per 100,000 population. Source: FBI Uniform Crime Reports. Source: FBI Uniform Crime Reports. YearMurderSexualAssaultRobbery Aggravated Assault

Florida All numbers are rates per 100,000 population. All numbers are rates per 100,000 population. Source: Florida Department of Law Enforcement. Source: Florida Department of Law Enforcement. YearMurder Sexual Assault Robbery Aggravated Assault

Orange County All numbers are rates per 100,000 population. All numbers are rates per 100,000 population. Source: Florida Department of Law Enforcement. Source: Florida Department of Law Enforcement. YearMurder Sexual Assault Robbery Aggravated Assault

Overview of Trends Between 2004 and 2006 in Orange County: Between 2004 and 2006 in Orange County: The murder rate increased 87.0% The murder rate increased 87.0% The forcible rape rate decreased 4.4% The forcible rape rate decreased 4.4% The robbery rate increased 67.0% The robbery rate increased 67.0% The aggravated assault rate increased 10.2% The aggravated assault rate increased 10.2% The spike in violent crime in Orange County is concentrated in murder and robbery The spike in violent crime in Orange County is concentrated in murder and robbery The same trend is evident in statewide and national data The same trend is evident in statewide and national data

Total Number of Incidents YearMurderRobbery Sexual Assault AggravatedAssaultTotal Total

Total Number of Suspects YearMurderRobbery Sexual Assault AggravatedAssaultTotal Total

Total Number of Victims YearMurderRobbery Sexual Assault AggravatedAssaultTotal Total

Suspect’s Age Year Total Under and above (16.8%)(32.3%)(40.8%)(10.1%) (16.9%)(35.9%)(38.1%)(9.2%) (21.4%)(37.2%)(33.9%)(7.5%)

Suspect’s Race YearTotal Race African American WhiteOtherUnknown/Missing (57.4%)(41.6%)(0.4%)(0.5%) (62.9%)(35.8%)(0.5%)(0.7%) (64.6%)(34.1%)(0.4%)(0.8%)

Suspect’s Gender YearTotal Gender FemaleMale Unknown/Missing (18.3%)(81.2%)(0.5%) (15.6%)(84.2%)(0.3%) (13.2%)(86.1%)(0.7%)

Victim’s Age Year Total Under and above (16.7%)(25.3%)(42.0%)(16.0%) (14.9%)(24.4%)(44.2%)(16.5%) (15.6%)(27.2%)(41.0%)(16.3%)

Victim’s Race YearTotal Race African American WhiteOtherUnknown/Missing (29.1%)(34.9%)(0.6%)(35.4%) (27.8%)(27.8%)(0.7%)(43.6%) (27.8%)(28.8%)(0.8%)(42.7%)

Victim’s Gender YearTotal Gender FemaleMaleUnknown/Missing (42.1%)(57.7%)(0.2%) (40.9%)(58.9%)(0.2%) (37.5%)(62.3%)(0.1%)

Gang Member Bookings YearTotalTotalCountsMurderCountsBatteryCountsRobberyCountsSexualAssaultCounts (1.2 %) 6(4%)46(.5%)40(2%)0(0%) (2.3 %) 14(6.2%)86(1%)74(4%)2(.5%) (2.6 %) 12(4.5%)89(1%)85(4%)2(.5%)

Situational Factors Increasing Rates of Violent Crime Illegal drugs and drug markets Illegal drugs and drug markets Illegal gun markets Illegal gun markets Increased violence in street culture Increased violence in street culture

Social Factors Increasing Rates of Homicide Percent of female headed households Percent of female headed households Percent population living in poverty Percent population living in poverty Percent of population with no high school degree Percent of population with no high school degree

Social Factors Increasing Rates of Homicide Percent of female headed households Percent of female headed households Percent population living in poverty Percent population living in poverty Percent of population with no high school degree Percent of population with no high school degree

Social Factors Increasing Rates of Homicide Percentage of female-headed households Percentage of female-headed households Percentage of population living in poverty Percentage of population living in poverty Percentage of population with no high school degree Percentage of population with no high school degree

Social Factors Increasing Rates of Robbery Percent of population aged 15 and older enrolled in college Percent of population aged 15 and older enrolled in college Percent of population renting Percent of population renting Percent of population unemployed Percent of population unemployed

Policy Implications Law Enforcement Law Enforcement Juveniles Juveniles Curfew Curfew Schools Schools Community and Churches Community and Churches Family Family Economy Economy

Law Enforcement Assign more law enforcement officers to serve in community-oriented, targeted, proactive capacities Assign more law enforcement officers to serve in community-oriented, targeted, proactive capacities Successful Programs in Other Cities Successful Programs in Other Cities Consent to Search Program – St. Louis Consent to Search Program – St. Louis Boston Gun Project Boston Gun Project Project Exile – Richmond Project Exile – Richmond

Juvenile Justice Overhaul the Juvenile Justice System Overhaul the Juvenile Justice System Offenses by juveniles must have appropriate consequences Offenses by juveniles must have appropriate consequences Juvenile detention has little impact on those committed to street culture Juvenile detention has little impact on those committed to street culture Juveniles and Guns Juveniles and Guns Adopt new measures to separate juveniles from firearms Adopt new measures to separate juveniles from firearms

Curfew This policy is not recommended This policy is not recommended More juvenile crimes are committed between More juvenile crimes are committed between 4 PM and 10 PM than any other time period 4 PM and 10 PM than any other time period Primary impact on non-delinquent juveniles Primary impact on non-delinquent juveniles Enforcement is problematic Enforcement is problematic Rarely holds up in court Rarely holds up in court Have proven ineffective in other cities Have proven ineffective in other cities

Schools Expand the number and types of activities after school and on weekends Expand the number and types of activities after school and on weekends E.g., Music, Dance, Art E.g., Music, Dance, Art Sports Sports Re-establish in middle & vocational schools Re-establish in middle & vocational schools

Families Encourage families in need to seek support from schools and churches Encourage families in need to seek support from schools and churches Increase availability of family life courses Increase availability of family life courses

Community and Churches Plan organized activities after school and on weekends Plan organized activities after school and on weekends Religious leaders work closely with law enforcement and other community groups Religious leaders work closely with law enforcement and other community groups

Economy Plan work assignments for low income teens Plan work assignments for low income teens Community renewal by employing residents to work on revitalization efforts (e.g., the venues project) Community renewal by employing residents to work on revitalization efforts (e.g., the venues project)

Summary Crime Trends Crime Trends Increase in Homicide and Robbery Increase in Homicide and Robbery Social Factors Social Factors Policy Implications Policy Implications Youth Programs Are Crime Prevention Programs