Cultures Clash on the Prairie Section 13-1 pp. 408-417

Preview Questions How did the Plains Indians live? Why did Indians and settlers fight each other? Why did assimilation fail? What caused the cattle business to grow?

The Culture of the Plains Indians Live on the Great Plains Some tribes nomadic Depend on horse & buffalo Live in communities Use tribal governments Very spiritual No private land ownership

Government Restricts Native Americans Native Americans and white settlers often clashed over the use of land and resources. Government needs more land for RR’s, so they give boundaries to the tribes.

Government Restricts Native Americans Treaty of Ft. Laramie Most Sioux agree to live on a reservation Sitting Bull never signs it

Government Restricts Native Americans Battle of Little Big Horn (1876) Sitting Bull defeats Gen. George Custer and all U.S. troops Native Americans retreat to Canada Surrender to U.S. Army to avoid starvation

Government Supports Assimilation Assimilation: Native Americans give up their beliefs and culture to become part of white culture. Dawes Act (1887) Government plan of forced assimilation Broke up reservations Failure

The Battle of Wounded Knee U.S. Army rounds up 300 Sioux and demanded the Sioux turn over their weapons Fighting broke out Army troops killed over 300 unarmed Sioux Signals an end of the “Indian Wars”

Cattle Becomes Big Business Americans herded longhorn cattle on the Great Plains. Cowboys adopted much of their culture from Mexican vaqueros.

Cattle Becomes Big Business Growth in urban cities increased demand for beef. Cattle ranchers had to herd the cattle along trails to Kansas, where they would be shipped by RR’s to Chicago.

Settling on the Great Plains Section 13-2 pp. 420-424

Preview Questions How did the U.S. government encourage people to go west? What was life like for settlers of the West?

Preview Questions How did the U.S. government encourage people to go west? What was life like for settlers of the West?

Government Supports Settlement Homestead Act: Gave 160 acres of land to anyone who would farm it for five years Included exodusters Oklahoma Land Giveaway Created “sooners”

Settlers Meet Challenges of Plains Challenges Included Environmental Challenges Loneliness Amount of Work Low Crop Prices High Shipping Prices High Equipment Prices Loans

Farmers and the Populist Movement Section 13-3 pp. 435-429

Preview Questions How did farmers fight back? What did the Populist movement hope to achieve?

Farmers Unite to Address Problems Problems for Farmers Low Crop Prices Overproduction Scarcity of Land High Shipping Prices (RR’s)

Farmers Unite to Address Problems The Grange Founded by Oliver Hudson Kelly in 1867 Purpose: To provide a place for farmers to discuss social and educational issues Instrumental in fight against RR’s

Rise and Fall of Populism Populism: A movement to gain political and economic power for common people

Rise and Fall of Populism Populist Party Platform Reforms to help farmers and laborers Increase money supply to increase prices Loan programs 8 hour work day Immigration restrictions Reforms to make government more democratic Direct election of Senators Secret-ballot elections

Rise and Fall of Populism Panic of 1893 Causes Overextension of credit Overspending Bankruptcies Effects Businesses and Banks Fail High Unemployment Debate about bimetallism

Rise and Fall of Populism Gold Standard Bimetallism Less money in circulation Prices fall Value of money increases Fewer people have money Loans repaid in stable money Favored by Republicans More money in circulation Prices increase Value of money decreases More people have money Products would be sold at higher prices Favored by Democrats

Rise and Fall of Populism Election of 1896 William McKinley (R) defeated William Jennings Bryan (D) Signals an end of the Populist Movement