CANADACANADA CHAPTER 8 SECTION 1 AND 2

NATIONAL ANTHEM OF CANADA DVF0NTGDU DVF0NTGDU O CANADA! OUR HOME AND NATIVE LAND! TRUE PATRIOT LOVE IN ALL THY SONS COMMAND. WITH GLOWING HEARTS WE SEE THEE RISE, THE TRUE NORTH STRONG AND FREE! FROM FAR AND WIDE, O CANADA, WE STAND ON GUARD FOR THEE. GOD KEEP OUR LAND GLORIOUS AND FREE! O CANADA, WE STAND ON GUARD FOR THEE. O CANADA, WE STAND ON GUARD FOR THEE.

CANADA CANADA IS DIVIDED INTO TEN PROVINCES AND THREE TERRITORIES THESE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FIVE REGIONS BASED ON PHYSICAL FEATURES (MOUNTAINS, PLAINS, BEDROCK) CULTURE, AND ECONOMY

THE ATLANTIC PROVINCES SOUTHEASTERN CORNER OF CANADA NEWFOUNDLAND & LABRADOR PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND NOVA SCOTIA NEW BRUNSWICK THESE ATLANTIC PROVINCES ARE ALSO KNOWN AS MARITIMES BECAUSE OF THEIR CLOSENESS AND RELATION TO THE SEA.

THE ATLANTIC PROVINCES THE ECONOMY IN THIS REGION IS PRIMARILY BASED ON FISHING, ALTHOUGH OVERFISHING DEPLETED THE SUPPLY TO THE POINT WHERE NOW, THEY FOCUS ON CATCHING SHRIMP AND CRAB. FORESTRY IS ALSO IMPORTANT IN THIS REGION FARMING IS POSSIBLE WHERE THE SOIL AND CLIMATE PERMIT SINCE MUCH OF THE LAND IN THIS AREA IS VERY ROCKY.

THE GREAT LAKES AND ST. LAWRENCE PROVINCES THE GREAT LAKES CONNECT TO THE ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY CALLED “CANADA’S HIGHWAY” SINCE SO MANY GOODS TRAVEL THROUGH HERE. SINCE THE GREAT LAKES ARE AT A HIGHER ELEVATION, THE SHIPS MUST PASS THROUGH CANALS AND LOCKS IN ORDER TO GET TO SEA LEVEL WHILE TRANSPORTING GOODS.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CENTRAL PROVINCES ONTARIO CENTRAL LOCATION EXCELLENT WATERWAYS FOR TRANSPORTATION RICH FARMLAND AND ABUNDANT MINERAL RESOURCES MOST PEOPLE LIVE HERE MANY MINERAL PROCESSING COMPANIES ARE BASED HERE BECAUSE THEY CAN EASILY SHIP THEIR GOODS TO OTHER PARTS OF CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES. MANY LARGE CITIES ARE LOCATED HERE TORONTO METROPOLITAN AREA – BANKING, MORE THAN 1/3 OF CANADA’S LARGEST COMPANIES OTTAWA NATIONAL CAPITAL

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUEBEC CANADA’S LARGEST PROVINCE MOST OF THE POPULATION LIVES IN CITIES NEAR THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER VALLEY FEW PEOPLE LIVE ON THE CANADIAN SHIELD THE GROUND IS MOSTLY BEDROCK COVERED WITH SOIL, GRAVEL, AND SAND. MUCH OF THE REGION IS A WILDERNESS OF FORESTS, RIVERS LAKES, AND STREAMS NORTHERNMOST PARTS ARE TUNDRA COVERED WITH LICHENS AND MOSSES

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUEBEC THE LARGEST CITY IN QUEBEC IS CALLED MONTREAL DEVELOPED RAPIDLY WHEN MONTREAL HOSTED EXPO ‘67 (1967) AND WENT FROM PROVINCIAL CITY TO A DYNAMIC URBAN CENTER CAPITAL OF THE PROVINCE IS ALSO CALLED QUEBEC FOUNDED IN 1608 BY SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN WHO WAS SENT BY FRANCE TO ESTABLISH A COLONY LOTS OF EUROPEAN INFLUENCE AND IS THE CULTURE CENTER OF CANADA’S FRENCH- CANADIAN POPULATIONS.

THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES VAST GRASSLANDS SIMILAR TO THE GREAT PLAINS IN THE MIDWEST UNITED STATES. MAKES GREAT FARMLAND RAILROAD STRETCHES ACROSS THE REGION MANY TOWN HAVE POPPED UP NEAR CERTAIN POINTS ALONG THE RAILROAD EDMONTON, CALGARY, WINNIPEG, SASKATOON, REGINA THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED AS A REGION WHERE “GRAINS AND TRAINS DOMINATE LIFE”

THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES PROVIDE A LOT OF WEALTH FOR THE COUNTRY BY EXPORTING MANY GOODS MOST OF CANADA’S GRAIN AND COWS. TRANSPORTED BY TRAIN TO PORTS ON THE PACIFIC OCEAN, THE GREAT LAKES, OR HUDSON BAY TOURISM OF THE MANY PARKS AND MOUNTAINS RECENTLY OIL AND NATURAL GAS WERE DISCOVERED HERE

BRITISH COLUMBIA MANY MOUNTAIN RANGES STRETCH ACROSS THIS REGION, SO MUCH OF THE POPULATION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA LIVES IN THE CITY OF VANCOUVER. MANY RESOURCES ARE LOCATED HERE WHICH HAVE HELPED B.C. BECOME THE WEALTHIEST PROVINCE OF CANADA SALMON FOREST MINERALS MANY ASIAN IMMIGRANTS ARE MOVING INTO THIS REGION ALSO, MANY MIGRANTS FROM OTHER PARTS OF CANADA BECAUSE OF ITS DESIRABLE CLIMATE AND SCENIC BEAUTY.

THE NORTHERN TERRITORIES NORTHERNMOST PARTS OF CANADA (40%) CONTAINS ONLY 1% OF THE POPULATION NATIVE PEOPLE WHO LIVE THERE ARE CALLED INUITS (NOT ESKIMOS) BECAUSE IT IS SO REMOTE, THEY HAVE ADAPTED TECHNOLOGY TO HELP THEM. USE SNOWMOBILES RATHER THAN DOGSLEDS TO HUNT USE VIDEO SO THAT CHILDREN CAN LEARN AT HOME RATHER THAN TRAVELLING MANY MILES TO GO TO SCHOOL.

THE NORTHERN TERRITORIES IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORIES, THERE ARE VAST DEPOSITS OF MINERALS SUCH AS GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, ZINC, LEAD, IRON ORE, URANIUM, OIL AND NATURAL GAS MOST OF IT HAS GONE UNTOUCHED SINCE IT S SO REMOTE AND THE HARSH CLIMATE MAKES IT VERY DIFFICULT TO MINE THESE MATERIALS.

UNDERSTANDING THE PAST THE INUIT PEOPLE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO LIVE OFF OF MANY OF THE RESOURCES AVAILABLE. SOME LIVED OFF THE FORESTS, BAYS AND RIVERS OTHERS WERE NOMADIC AND GATHERED FOOD AND HUNTED GAME SUCH AS WALRUSES AND SEALS, MOOSE AND CARIBOU. SOME LIVED IN PERMANENT SETTLEMENTS AND RAISED MAIZE, SQUASH AND OTHER CROPS.

UNDERSTANDING THE PAST THERE WERE TWO COUNTRIES THAT MADE CLAIMS TO CANADA. FRANCE AND ENGLAND

UNDERSTANDING THE PAST THE BRITISH AND FRENCH BOTH MADE CLAIMS TO THE LAND IN NORTH AMERICA AND FOUGHT MANY WARS OVER THE FUR TRADE AND LAND DISPUTES. EVENTUALLY THE BRITISH WON, AND THE FRENCH GAVE UP THEIR CLAIM. THERE IS STILL A LOT OF FRENCH INFLUENCE IN THE REGION CANADA WAS UNDER BRITISH RULE UNTIL 1867 WHEN CANADA GOT IT’S OWN GOVERNMENT, HOWEVER MILITARY DECISION WERE STILL MADE BY THE BRITISH. CANADA GAINED COMPLETE SOVEREIGNTY IN HOWEVER, THE QUEEN (BRITISH MONARCH) IS STILL THE SYMBOLIC RULER OF CANADA.

CONFLICT BETWEEN TWO CULTURES THE FRENCH CANADIANS ARE CALLED QUEBECOIS. IN 1774, THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT PASSED LAWS THAT WOULD ALLOW THE QUEBECOIS TO PRESERVE THEIR FRENCH CULTURE THERE WAS A LOT OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST FRENCH CANADIANS LIKE BEING DENIED JOBS IN GOVERNMENT OR INDUSTRY BECAUSE THEY ARE OF FRENCH DESCENT CANADA HAS TWO OFFICIAL LANGUAGES, FRENCH AND ENGLISH STARTING IN THE 1960’S THE QUEBECOIS BEGAN TO SUPPORT CHANGES THAT WOULD ALLOW THEM TO PRESERVE THEIR CULTURE. FAVORED SEPARATISM (MAKE QUEBEC AND INDEPENDENT COUNTRY) IN THE 1990’S, MANY QUEBEC CITIZENS VOTED TO SECEDE FROM CANADA, BUT IT WAS RULED THAT THEY COULDN’T DO THIS.

“CANADIAN BACON”

WELCOMING DIVERSITY, PROMOTING UNITY THERE ARE MANY CULTURAL GROUPS IN CANADA ABOUT 554,000 NATIVE CANADIANS (41,000 INUIT) MANY ORIGINAL IMMIGRANTS FROM FRANCE AND ENGLAND TODAY, THERE ARE A LOT OF IMMIGRANTS COMING FROM EUROPE AN INCREASING NUMBER OF IMMIGRANTS FROM ASIA (MOSTLY IN B.C.)