Knowledge Fusion Research WorkshopOctober A High-level Language for Military Fusion Problems Richard Scherl Computer Science Department Monmouth University

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Cognitive Robotics/GoLog Integrating reasoning, perception and action within a uniform theoretical and implementation framework. Logic-based. High-level language.

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October The Situation Calculus McCarthy and Hayes A predicate calculus formalization of states, actions, and effects. Reiter 1991,2001.

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October GOLOG GOLOG -- AlGol in logic. Sequences. Nondeterministic choice of actions. Nondeterministic choice of arguments. Conditions, While loops. Recursion.

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Plans Vs Computer Programs There is a long tradition of viewing plans as computer programs. (Green, manna and Waldinger). There are many problems with this view of plans. An agent may not know whether a test is true. Agents may not know enough to execute the action.

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Incomplete Knowledge Generally, agents do not have complete knowledge of the world. Formalism must distinguish between what is true in the world and what the agent knows.

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Incomplete Knowledge (Cont) Agents must reason about: Actions that produce knowledge --- perception, reading, comunicative acts. The knowledge prerequisites of actions.

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October References Levesque, Reiter, Lesperance,Lin, Scherl. GOLOG. JLP, Reiter. Knowledge in action: logical foundations for specifying and implementing dynamical systems. MIT press, Scherl and Levesque. Knowledge, action, and the frame problem. AIJ, 2003.

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Goal Can a similar sort of language be used for the specification of high-level and flexible plans useful in domains relevant to the military and also homeland security?

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Example Scenarios Silent prairie: agricultural bio-terrorism exercise developed by the national strategic gaming center at the national defense university Battlespace challenge problem: road to war developed by signal solutions for ARL

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Silent Prairie Foot and mouth disease suspected in north Carolina and Kansas Bio-terrorism considered a possibility

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Steps FBI notified – but the 82 nd airborne recently returned to north Carolina from Iraq. Need to notify state officials and farm companies. All leaders of states to which N. Carolina cattle are shipped must be notified. Send sample to plum island facility for analysis.

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Steps (Cont) Start initial containment strategy (quarantine zones). Notify governor and other state officials. Notify USDA, FDA. Enact regional containment strategy. Notify DHS and DOD. Check to see if there was “chatter” about FMD.

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Sample Plan While ¬knows(  x State(x)  Considered(x)) (  X).state(x)?; If ¬Kwhether(Shipto(f,a,x)) then sense_ship(f,a,x) endIf; If knows(Shipto(f,a,x) then notify(f,a,x) endIf; assert(Considered(x)); endWhile;

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Battlespace Challenge Problem Signal Solutions 2015 North Korea Kim Jung-Il dies Civil War

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Forces Involved U.S. ROK. DPRK Hardliners. DPRK Reformers.

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Determining Friend from Foe Sensors(ELINT, SIGINT) HUMINT COP needs to indicate which forces are friends and which are foes (DPRK Hardliners) based upon both intelligence information and inferences.

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Rules in Knowledge-Base  x,y hardliner(x)  engages(x,y)  ¬ hardliner(y)  y,z  x supplies(x,y)  hardliner(y)  supplies(x,z)  hardliner(z)

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Identify Threats to Inchon Airport Sensors and human intelligence are utilized to identify threats. Which U.S. Units can deal with the threats? How long would it take them to arrive at location of threat given current conditions?

Knowledge Fusion Research WorkshopOctober

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Implementation GoLog interpreter written in Prolog Integration into Jade agent platform

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Further Topics Concurrency (ConGolog, IndiGolog) Exogenous actions Probabilistic action occurrences and effects Ability Time Integrating semantic web ontology languages

Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop October Theory of Actions (Cont) Real time, resource bounded behavior Belief revision Execution monitoring and failure recovery Automated plan construction