The Scientific Revolution

EQ: How did The Scientific Revolution change the way people thought about the world? Religion REPLACED BY Science!

What is the Scientific Revolution? The Scientific Revolution developed as an result of the Renaissance.  The same questioning spirit that fueled the Renaissance led scientists to question traditional beliefs and the Church about the workings of the universe.  It was a new way of thinking about the natural world.

Before the Scientific Revolution… Before 1500, the Bible and Aristotle were the only authorities accepted as truth A geocentric model of the universe, in which the Earth is at the center of the universe, was supported during the Middle Ages

Causes of the Scientific Revolution Printing press spread new ideas Age of Exploration fueled a great deal of scientific research because of technology needed for navigation Translation of the works of Muslim scholars opened the minds of European thinkers to new scientific knowledge

New Ideas About the Universe Three scientists challenged traditional theories about the universe and the idea that the Earth was the center of the universe: Copernicus (mid-1500’s) Galileo Galilei (early 1600’s) Isaac Newton (late 1600’s)

Remember Nicholas Copernicus? Up to the time of Copernicus, people thought that there was a sort of crystal sphere the kept the planets, moon, and stars in orbit around the Earth. Copernicus that proposed the idea that the Earth revolved around the sun, and not the other way around… Copernicus’s theory was that the sun was the center of the Universe, not the Earth. Most scholars rejected Copernicus’s theory.

Galileo Galilei Galileo built a telescope and became the first man to use this tool to study the moon and planets. What he saw made Galileo believe Copernicus's idea that the Earth was not the center of the universe. The Church punished him for his belief in this idea. He was questioned by the Inquisition and forced to confess that his ideas were wrong.

QUESTION: Answer in your notes, not out loud! Why would the Church try to prevent this idea from becoming popular?

Question: If you drop a baseball and a bowling ball off a ten story building, which one will hit the ground first?

He used an experiment to test one of Aristotle’s theories. Galileo Galilei Galileo was an Italian mathematics teacher, astronomer and physicist, and one of the first true scientists. He used an experiment to test one of Aristotle’s theories. Galileo’s Experiment: Finds objects of different weights will fall at the same speed (in a vacuum). Aristotle’s theory: Heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones

The Scientific Method This new method relied on experimentation and observation rather than past authorities. It is still used by scientists today.

Galileo Galilei Fun Facts (1564 - 1642) He was one of the first Europeans to build and use a telescope (he didn’t invent it!) Galileo used a telescope to observe the moon, and saw craters. This proved that the moon was not a perfect sphere… hmm… trouble… - He saw moons on Jupiter (thus we have the Galilean Moons of Jupiter) - Aristotle didn’t mention moons… they’re they are!!!

Question: When something falls, why does it fall down? Why doesn’t it fall up or sideways?

Isaac Newton “For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction” – Isaac Newton

Newton OUCH!

Isaac Newton What does an apple have to do with gravity? Newton was sitting in the shade of an apple tree when an apple fell nearby. He began to wonder why apples always fall to the ground. Why don’t the fall sideways or up? Newton reasoned that the earth must have a power that draws objects to it. This was the beginning of the law of gravity and motion.

Newton (1642-1727) Gravity Isaac Newton brought it all together By the mid-1600’s, the accomplishments of Copernicus and Galileo had shattered the old views of astronomy and physics. Isaac Newton brought it all together under a single theory of motion. Gravity

Law of Universal Gravitation Newton’s discovery was that the same force ruled the motions of the planets and all matter on earth and in space. Every object in the universe attracts every other object. The strength of attraction depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them.

New Inventions of the Scientific Revolution Edward Jenner introduced the first vaccine for smallpox. (inoculation- injecting a germ in the body to create an immunity). Telescope (1608, Dutch) A Dutch glass maker constructed a primitive telescope. Galileo heard about it and improved on the design. Microscope (1590s, Dutch) Barometer (early 1600s, Italian) - measure air pressure Thermometer (1611) for chemical and medical studies

Close - Answer the following: 1 Close - Answer the following: 1. How did the Scientific Revolution Change the way people thought about the world? 2. Martin Luther applied the questioning spirit of the Renaissance to religion. Galileo and Newton applied the questioning spirit of the Renaissance to science. Predict what else people might begin to question in the years following the Renaissance. Explain how this might impact Europe.