Phonetics

What is Phonetics? DEFINITION COMPONENTS OF PHONETICS Identifying the place of articulation in the vocal tract, mouth and nose. Identifying the manner of articulation, including how air is channeled and/or stopped during speech sounds. Identifying which speech sounds are used in any given language, and which are not. DEFINITION The study of how speech sounds are made, and which sounds are used in a given language.

Speech Sounds How are they made? How are they classified?

Types of Speech Sounds Consonants Vowels Consonants are formed by the slowing or stopping air somewhere in the vocal tract Vowels Vowels are formed by changes in the shape of the vocal tract as air passes unimpeded

The Phonetics of Consonants Place of articulation means where the vocal tract is shut off or narrowed Manner of Articulation means how the vocal tract is shut off or narrowed Voicing means whether air is forced through the larynx or not

The Anatomy of the Vocal Tract Your homework is to go online and find out what the following articulatory places are and where they are located: Glottis Uvula

Consonant Place of Articulation 1: Bilabials Bilabials are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using both lips pin map boy

Consonant Place of Articulation 2: Labiodentals Labiodentals are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using both the lips and the teeth fan van

Consonant Place of Articulation 3: Apicodental (Interdentals) Apicodentals, also called interdentals are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using the tip (apex) of the tongue between the teeth to narrow the vocal tract there thing

Consonant Place of Articulation 4: Apicoalveolar (Alveolar) Apicoalveolar, also called alveolars are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using the tip (apex) of the tongue against the alveolar ridge behind the teeth dip tip

Consonant Place of Articulation 5: Alveolarpalatal Alveolarpalatal are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using the tip (apex) of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge at the front edge of the palate shout judge child

Consonant Place of Articulation 6: Velums Velums are accomplished by completely closing the vocal tract at the velum get cat

Manner of Articulation means how the shutting off or narrowing of the vocal tract is done

Consonant Manner of Articulation 1: Stops Stops are accomplished by completely obstructing the airstream pick get dig

Consonant Manner of Articulation 2: Fricatives Fricatives are accomplished by almost completely obstructing the airstream causing friction fish kiss shell

Consonant Manner of Articulation 3: Affricatives Affricatives are accomplished by stopping the air flow and then releasing air to cause friction child gym judge

Consonant Manner of Articulation 4: Nasals Nasals are accomplished by closing the vocal tract at the velum and forcing air through the nasal passages nickel man ring

Consonant Manner of Articulation 5: Liquids Liquids are accomplished by restricting but not closing off air flow leave ring

Consonant Manner of Articulation 6: Glides Glides are accomplished by restricting but not closing off air flow followed by a slight opening of the vocal tract yet wash whistle

Consonant Manner of Articulation 7: Taps Taps are accomplished by quickly tapping the tongue against another part of the vocal tract and is frequently found in the middle of a word letter ladder

Consonant Manner of Articulation 8: Trills Trills are accomplished by forcing the tongue, uvula or lips to vibrate In Spanish perro barrio

Two Types of Voicing Voiced Unvoiced sounds are made by narrowing the vocal cords and forcing air between them got bit Unvoiced sounds are made by opening the vocal cords and allowing air to flow past them caught pit

Classification of Vowels Four Criteria for Classifying Vowels: Tongue Height Tongue Location (toward back or front) Mouth & Lip Tension Lip Rounding Vs stretching

Tongue Height Three Positions: High: bit straight pool cook Mid Mouth: get wait spot rope Low: bat got

Tongue Location Three Positions: Back: pool cook rope got Center: but around Front: hit heat pet wait bat

Mouth &Lip Tension Two States: Tense Relaxed heat hit soon soot wait wet

Lip Rounding Two States: Rounded Not Rounded pool hit look heat wrote pat caught pet wait