Chapter 6 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Part II Splanchnology Chapter 6 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Ⅰ. General Description: * Constituents: 1.Respiratory tract: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, and its branches 2. Lungs 3. Pleura and plural cavity * Function: exchange O2 and CO2 mainly * (Mediastinum)
Ⅱ. Nose: 1. External nose— nasal vestibule 3. Paranasal Sinuses— 2. Nasal cavity— limen nasi nasal vestibule proper nasal cavity nasal septum lateral wall of nasal cavity 3. Paranasal Sinuses— frontal sinus maxillary sinus sphenoidal sinus ethmoidal sinus
The formation of the nasal septum 2 Bones, 1 Cartilage, Nasal mucous membrane: olfactory region respiratory region The longitudinal plate of ethmoid bone The cartilage of nasal septum The vomer back
1.Nasal cavity— Ⅱ. Nose: nasal vestibule proper nasal cavity limen nasi nasal septum lateral wall of nasal cavity ---superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae nasal meatuses ---the openings of the paranasal sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct 2. paranasal sinuses: frontal sinus maxillary sinus sphenoidal sinus ethmoidal sinus
The openings of the paranasal sinuses
1. Position: It is located at anterior part of neck, in Ⅲ. Larynx 1. Position: It is located at anterior part of neck, in front of 4~6 cervical vertebrae 2. Framework: It is formed by laryngeal cartilages and their articulations Cartilages: thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage epiglottic cartilage arytenoid cartilage (paired)
Thyroid cartilage Anterior view posterior view lamina sup. cornu Laryngeal prominence sup. thyroid notch lamina anterior angle Laminae of thyroid cartilage inf. cornu Anterior view posterior view
Arytenoid cartilages Cricoid cartilage Anterior view posterior view Muscular process Vocal process Muscular process Vocal process Cricoid arch Cricoid cartilage Cricoid lamina Anterior view posterior view
Epiglottic cartilage Anterior view posterior view
2. cricoarytenoid joints: rotate around the vertical axis Articulation: 1. cricothyroid joint: rotate around the coronary axis 2. cricoarytenoid joints: rotate around the vertical axis 3. conus elasticus: free and thicked upper border formed the vocal ligament 4. quadrangular membrane: free lower border formed vestibular ligament 5. thyrohyoid membrane 5 4 2 1 3
Thyrohyoid membrane Quadrangular membrane Conus elasticus Lateral view Lateral view
3. Laryngeal cavity 3 parts: laryngeal vestibule intermediate cavity of larynx infraglottic cavity by 2 fissures— vestibular fissure fissure of glottis laryngeal inlet vestibular fold vocal fold ventricle of larynx
4. Laryngeal muscles: Posterior cricoarytenoid: It can open the glottis Transverse arytenoid, Oblique arytenoid, Lateral cricoarytenoid: They can close the glottis Cricothyroid, They can lengthen and tense the vocal fold Thyroarytenoid: It can relax and shorten the vocal fold
4. Laryngeal muscles: Posterior cricoarytenoid: It can open the glottis Transverse arytenoid, Oblique arytenoid, Lateral cricoarytenoid: They can close the glottis Cricothyroid, They can lengthen and tense the vocal fold Thyroarytenoid: It can relax and shorten the vocal fold
4. Laryngeal muscles: Posterior cricoarytenoid: It can open the glottis Transverse arytenoid, Oblique arytenoid, Lateral cricoarytenoid: They can close the glottis Cricothyroid, They can lengthen and tense the vocal fold Thyroarytenoid: It can relax and shorten the vocal fold
Ⅳ.The trachea and main bronchus: Bifurcation of trachea