The British Invasion  Before 1964, the Americans made rock and roll music, and the British loved it, providing record sales, tour sites, and second homes for U.S. stars  Beginning in 1964, the British were the ones performing rock and roll music in the U.S.  Began with the Beatles  In 1964, 9 out of 23 number one hits were recorded by British groups  Rock and roll was no longer an American product

The British Invasion (cont)  The British invasion split rock’s mainstream style  Example: Paul McCartney and John Lennon Paul McCartney- refined, traditionally talented musically, more compliant to societal norms; wrote elegant, nostalgic and sentimental music John Lennon- iconoclastic, rebellious, inclined to nonconformity; wrote raw, raucous and shocking music  This difference became the prototype for the division in mainstream rock groups Softer, more refined, less rebellious bands (The Beatles) Hard, raw, basic R&B-oriented mainstream rock bands (The Rolling Stones)

The Rolling Stones  Their earliest influence was black R&B  The group was named after a song by blues singer Muddy Waters  The band was a combination of the groups:  “Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys” They played their favorite R&B songs and 1950s rock tunes Michael Jagger- born July 26, 1943 Keith Richards- born on December 18, 1943 (guitarist)  “Blues Incorporated” “Elmo Lewis” (aka Brian Jones) -born February 28, 1942 (clarinet, piano and sax) Ian Stewart Dick Taylor (bass) Mike Avory

The Rolling Stones (cont)  Dick Taylor quit and was replaced by Bill Wyman (born October 24, 1936)  Charlie Watts also began playing occasionally and was their regular drummer by 1963  Andrew Loog Oldham became their manager  He had previously worked for Brian Epstein and the Beatles  Brian Jones became the leader of the Rolling Stones  Eric Easton became their agent

The Rolling Stones (cont)  Decca Records (who originally turned down the Beatles) signed on the Rolling Stones  May first recording was created  “Come On” by Chuck Berry  “I Want to Be Loved” – an R&B song  They dressed in coordinated suits just like the Beatles  Ian Stewart was removed from the performance lineup and became their road manager until he died in 1985

The Rolling Stones (cont)  “Come On” reached #26 on the British charts  “I Want to Be Your Man” (a Lennon-McCartney song) became #3 in 1963  They began touring, but were faced by Beatlemania  They dropped their “Beatle” image – appeared in street clothes, grew out their hair, looked “scruffy,” became more sexually suggestive on stage  Oldham insisted Jagger and Richard (who dropped the s) become a songwriting team  Their first LP was released in April 1964

The Rolling Stones (cont)  In June 1964, the Stones joined the British invasion of America by touring the U.S. and Canada  It was not nearly as successful as the Beatles  They recorded “It’s All Over Now” in Chicago which became in the Top 10 in Britain and #26 in the U.S.  Their second tour in the U.S. was much more successful  They appeared on the Ed Sullivan show  Better reception at the Kennedy Airport  While on tour, Jagger saw James Brown perform; this is when Jagger began to imitate Brown’s dancing and incorporated his moves into the Rolling Stones act

“Satisfaction”  12 x 5 (their second album) was released in January 1965  Time is on My Side was #6 in the U.S. Time is on My Side  The Last Time was #1 in England and #9 in U.S.  While on their 3 rd tour, they improvised (I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction(I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction  Was recorded and released in U.S. before England  Became #1 in 1965  Controversy began due to lyrics-potentially had a double meaning

Satisfaction (cont)  December’s Children (and Everybody’s) Album was released in time for Christmas in 1965  #1 hit: Get Off My CloudGet Off My Cloud  Brian Jones started getting in trouble with drugs and alcohol  4 th album: Aftermath (1966)  Paint It Black- #1 in U.S.

1967- Year of Scandal  Album: Between the Buttons  Contained 2 hit singles: “Ruby Tuesday” and “Let’s Spend the Night Together”Ruby TuesdayLet’s Spend the Night Together  Lyrics were blatantly overtly sexual  Album: Their Satanic Majesties Request  December 1967  Was created in response to the Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper album  Was a gross disappointment  Next single: Jumpin’ Jack Flash was back to basic, raw rock and rollJumpin’ Jack Flash

Brian Jones…  The group fired Brian Jones temporarily since he had two drug convictions and would not be allowed to tour overseas.  July 2, Brian drowned in a pool after taking pills and drinking alcohol And…  Mick’s girlfriend, Marianne Faithful, lost the baby she was carrying and attempted suicide by pills.

Altamont  By mid-1969, the Rolling Stones were broke  Ticket prices very high and Stones showed up late  The 1969 tour had to end with a “big finish” according to Jagger  “Woodstock West”- December 4 th at Altamont Raceway near Livermore, CA  Jagger invited motorcycle gangs known for their violence as a security force  During “Sympathy for the Devil,” fights and riots broke out, including at least one murder and two other casualties  Gimme Shelter is the documentary on Altamont

After Altamont  Their 1970 European tour was also accompanied by violence  Mick, Keith and Bill moved to France to escape tax trouble  April Sticky Fingers album released  Included “Brown Sugar” with sexist/racist lyrics  Exile on Main Street album was #1 in U.S.  Goat’s Head Soup album released  But life was not stable

After Altamont (cont)  Mick Taylor quit the Rolling Stones  He carried the band while Keith was on heroin  He then became addicted to heroin and left the group while he could  Their next 4 albums were disappointing  No Top 10 hits in 1974  No Top 40 hits in 1975  the album Some Girls contained the Stones’ first #1 hit (“Miss You”) in 5 years

After Altamont (cont)  Other albums released:  Tattoo You (1981)  Undercover (1983)  Dirty Work (1985)  Voodoo Lounge (1994)  Bridge to Babylon (1997)  Live Licks (2004)  They are still touring today with Daryl Jones replacing Bill Wyman on bass

The Bad Boys of Rock  The Stones were the first group to foster an overtly negative image; they represented the rebellious, surely, antisocial side of rock through:  their personal lives… Brian Jones- father at age 14; had 2 sons at age of 20 with different girlfriends, both named Julian; gave no parental support; arrested on drug charges twice; admitted to the hospital; attempted suicide; died in 1969 Keith Richard- started drugs in college; found guilty for possession; had a heroin addiction in 1971; had 3 more drug arrests in 1976 and 1977 Mick Jagger- arrested in 1967  …and the outrageous antics of their fans riots, clubs, tear gas, chairs thrown, etc

The Bad Boys of Rock (cont)  The Rolling Stones became the musical rallying point for antisocial violence  US events in1968 Robert Kennedy gunned down, no longer presidential nominee Martin Luther King assassinated Hubert Humphrey defeated Richard Nixon as presidential candidate  Philip Norman notes that “the Stones had made destruction cool and the Devil a rock star; they had sold a million copies of an exhortation to slaughter. They were the household gods of every spaced-out, subterranean screwball in America.” (p.161)  The Stones began a path within rock that would lead through the hard rock of the 1970s, punk rock of 1970s/1980s, heavy metal of 1980s and gangsta rap of 1990s.

Are You a Stone or a Beatle?  The Stones and the Beatles were the leaders of the British invasion  Both fascinated by 1950s rock and roll and R&B  The Beatles experimented whereas the Stones stayed in R&B  The Beatles were the group  Stones were the challengers whose success was based on their contrast with the Beatles, especially once the Stones no longer imitated the Beatles

Why are the Stones important?  They stimulated the rebirth of basic R&B-derived mainstream rock  This contributed to the split in rock and roll  They showed the darker side and flaunted the antisocial behavior as part of their image  They have persevered through changing styles and personal adversity since 1962

Other Artists in the 1960s  From , other British groups also were successful  Identified by location (Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, London, etc.)  The most successful were those that imitated the Beatles Freddie and the Dreamers “I’m Telling You Now”I’m Telling You Now Herman’s Hermits “I’m into Something Good”I’m into Something Good  The Rolling Stones’ style was influenced by John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers, a blues-based band in 1962  Musicians including Mick Taylor started with this group and then created other rock bands  They played basic R&B with the 12-bar blues progression, the blues scale, the shouting vocal style, and the black- sounding timbre

Other Artists in the 1960s (cont)  Those that based their music off of the Rolling Styles’ style:  The Yardbirds – “For Your Love”For Your Love #6 in the U.S. in was a blues-based rock song Prior to this song, the group played straight R&B The lead guitarists influenced others like Eric Clapton and Jimmy Page (Led Zeppelin)  Animals – “House of the Rising Sun”House of the Rising Sun #1 in 1964

Rolling Stones’ Musical Style  Known for simplicity and repetition  Many of their hits preserved the general blues feeling, vocal shouting style, and blues scale…  but they rarely followed the traditional blues chord progression.  Chromatic chords rarely used  Little rhythmic change- use quadruple meter  Mainly duple subdivision; some slow songs use triple subdivision  Vocal timbre- old shouting blues style with spoken improvisations  Melodies-follows the scale and is repetitive

Rolling Stones’ Musical Style (cont)  Satisfaction  16-bar chorus split in 4 phrases (AABC)  The entire song alternates chorus and verse based on the guitar riff  Sympathy for the Devil  two 4-measure progressions repeated  Only 4 chords used: I, IV, V, bVII  Chorus: AAAABB happens 5 times throughout piece

Homework Compare and Contrast the Rolling Stones and the Beatles including personal appearance, group formation, success, instrumentation, and musical style. It may be in any form:  Venn-diagram  Chart  List  Paragraph Due on Monday, December 10th