Sociology Revision Theory, concepts & sociologists

What do these mean? Birth rate Birth rate Conjugal roles Conjugal roles Dual burden Dual burden Emotion work Emotion work Empty shell marriage Empty shell marriage Expressive role Expressive role Privatised family Privatised family

Birth Rate The number of live births per 1000 of the population The number of live births per 1000 of the population

Conjugal roles The roles played by the husband and wife in the family The roles played by the husband and wife in the family Segregated – husband is the breadwinner and woman is the homemaker with leisure spent separately. Segregated – husband is the breadwinner and woman is the homemaker with leisure spent separately. Joint – each perform both roles and spend leisure time together Joint – each perform both roles and spend leisure time together

Dual Burden When someone is responsible for two jobs. Usually applied to women who do paid work and the housework. When someone is responsible for two jobs. Usually applied to women who do paid work and the housework.

Emotion work The work involved in meeting the emotional needs of other people, looing after a child involves the emotional and physical needs. The work involved in meeting the emotional needs of other people, looing after a child involves the emotional and physical needs. Some sociologists claim women have a triple shift/ burden. This is paid, housework and emotion work Some sociologists claim women have a triple shift/ burden. This is paid, housework and emotion work

Empty shell marriage Couple live under same roof but live separate lives. May occur when divorce is difficult or illegal, or they stay together for the sake of the children. Couple live under same roof but live separate lives. May occur when divorce is difficult or illegal, or they stay together for the sake of the children.

Expressive role The caring, nurturing homemaker in the family. Usually done by women. Some claim, this is because women are biologically suited to is. Other see it as exploiting women. The caring, nurturing homemaker in the family. Usually done by women. Some claim, this is because women are biologically suited to is. Other see it as exploiting women.

Privatised family A nuclear family whose lifestyle and leisure patterns centre on the home rather than the extended family, workmates or wider community A nuclear family whose lifestyle and leisure patterns centre on the home rather than the extended family, workmates or wider community

Think of more concepts for module 1. childhood Domestic labour Instrumental role Extended family Reconstituted family Household Family structure Functional fit Nuclear family Symmetrical family

THEORY: summarise the following Functionalism Functionalism Feminism Feminism Neo/Marxism Neo/Marxism Interpretivism/Interactionism/Symbolic Interactionism Interpretivism/Interactionism/Symbolic Interactionism Post modernism Post modernism Positivism Positivism

Functionalism A consensus perspective that sees society as based on shared norms and values into which its members are socialised. A consensus perspective that sees society as based on shared norms and values into which its members are socialised. Society is like an organism with each part performing functions to maintain the system as a whole. Society is like an organism with each part performing functions to maintain the system as a whole.

Feminism Sociological and political perspective that focuses on women’s oppression and the struggle to end it. Sociological and political perspective that focuses on women’s oppression and the struggle to end it. They are argue that sociology has been ‘malestream’ and has been ignoring women. They are argue that sociology has been ‘malestream’ and has been ignoring women. They examine women’s experiences and study society from a female perspective They examine women’s experiences and study society from a female perspective There are different strands – Marxist, Radical, Liberal and Black. There are different strands – Marxist, Radical, Liberal and Black.

Marxism/ Neo-Marxism Conflict perspective based on the ideas of Karl marx. Conflict perspective based on the ideas of Karl marx. It sees society as divided into two oppsed classes, one which exploits the other. It sees society as divided into two oppsed classes, one which exploits the other. In a capitalist society the Bourgeoisie exploit the proletariat. In a capitalist society the Bourgeoisie exploit the proletariat. Marx predicted the proletariat will unite and overthrow capitalism and create a classless society. Marx predicted the proletariat will unite and overthrow capitalism and create a classless society. Institutions maintain the class division. Institutions maintain the class division.

Interpretivism These sociologists focus on how we construct our social worlds through the meanings we create and attach to events, actions and situations. These sociologists focus on how we construct our social worlds through the meanings we create and attach to events, actions and situations. Favour qualitative methods, and see humans as different from what is studied by scientists as we have free will, consciousness and choice. Favour qualitative methods, and see humans as different from what is studied by scientists as we have free will, consciousness and choice.

Post modernism Reject modernists idea of progress abd their view that that we have certain true knowledge of society that will enable us to improve it. Reject modernists idea of progress abd their view that that we have certain true knowledge of society that will enable us to improve it. Society has now become so diverse and unstable it is impossible to produce absolute explanations. Society has now become so diverse and unstable it is impossible to produce absolute explanations. No one theory is any truer than any other- they are just viewpoints. No one theory is any truer than any other- they are just viewpoints. Sociology should concentrate and reflect sociasl diversity. Sociology should concentrate and reflect sociasl diversity.

Positivism The belief that society is made up of social facts that can be studied scientifically. And discover laws of cause and effect. The belief that society is made up of social facts that can be studied scientifically. And discover laws of cause and effect. With this knowledge we can find solutions to the problems. With this knowledge we can find solutions to the problems.

Match a concept to a theory Dual burden Dual burden Expressive role Expressive role Emotion work Emotion work Functional fit Functional fit Primary Socialisation Primary Socialisation Unit of consumption Unit of consumption Domestic labour Domestic labour Feminism Feminism Functionalism Functionalism Feminism Feminism Functionalism Functionalism Marxism Marxism Marxism/ Feminist Marxism/ Feminist

What would they say? About teenage pregnancy? About teenage pregnancy? Home births? Home births? Domestic violence perpetrated by women? Domestic violence perpetrated by women? Househusbands? Househusbands?

Item A As family size has become smaller and the family has seemed to lose functions, some have argued that the family is dying out. As evidence they put forward the rising divorce rate. It is the increase in single parent families that has caused most of the concern about the stability of the family. Single parent families have a great social cost to the individuals and financial cost to the state. Item B Increased opportunities for divorce have provided an escape route for many wives. It is not marriage that women resent, as many women re-marry. Rather it is a certain type of marriage they seek to leave. Despite all the so called advances of recent years, women still work a triple shift.

Exam Question (a) What is meant by the divorce rate? (2) (a) What is meant by the divorce rate? (2) (b) Explain what is meant by the triple shift. (4) (b) Explain what is meant by the triple shift. (4) (c ) Identify three effects of the rise of the divorce rate. (6) (c ) Identify three effects of the rise of the divorce rate. (6) (d) Identify and explain one individual social cost and one financial cost to the state caused by single parent families (8) (d) Identify and explain one individual social cost and one financial cost to the state caused by single parent families (8)

(a) The legal termination of a marriage The legal termination of a marriage The number per thousand of the married population per year. The number per thousand of the married population per year.

(b) Identify each aspect of the 3 jobs Identify each aspect of the 3 jobs Consider why it is called Shift Consider why it is called Shift

(c ) Think of the impact on society. Think of the impact on society. Low educational achievement of children becomes a social issue under education. Low educational achievement of children becomes a social issue under education. Ensure you describe what happens after divorce not what causes it. Ensure you describe what happens after divorce not what causes it. Should be three distinct points Should be three distinct points

(d) Some individual costs can be twisted to be a financial one. Some individual costs can be twisted to be a financial one. Must have one of each. Must have one of each. Notice the focus of the question is not divorce. Notice the focus of the question is not divorce.