CHAPTER 15 Science and the Mass Media Section 1: Science as a Social Institution Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution

Objectives: Section 1: Science as a Social Institution Identify factors that have contributed to the institutionalization of science. Explain how the norms of scientific research differ from the realities of scientific research.

The Institution of Science Section 1: Science as a Social Institution The Institution of Science Science emerged as a recognizable system of study in Greece during the 300s B.C. and was reborn in Europe in the 1300s as a result of the following factors: The scientific revolution emerged in the 1500s Industrialization led to the emergence of modern science in the late 1800s and early 1900s

Norms and Realities of Science Section 1: Science as a Social Institution Norms and Realities of Science NORMS: Universalism, organized skepticism, communalism, disinterestedness REALITIES: Fraud, competition, Matthew effect, conflicting views of reality

Objectives: Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution Trace the major developments in the history of mass media, and identify the types of mass media in the United States. Explain how the sociological perspectives of mass media differ. Discuss some contemporary mass-media issues.

History of Mass Media Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution Writing and Paper – a written language was needed to record business and other transactions. Paper was developed some time between 3100 and 2500 B.C. Printing Press – during the 1450s Johannes Gutenberg developed moveable type

History of Mass Media Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution (continued) The Industrial Age – with rising standards of education and increasing requirements for factory work and life in the city, more people learned to read and write The Computer and the Information Society – the digital computer completely transformed the way people store and access information

Types of Mass Media Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution Print Media –include newspapers, magazines, and books Audio Media – sound recordings and radio Visual Media – movies, television, videocassettes, and DVDs Online Media – Internet

Sociological Perspectives of Mass Media Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution Sociological Perspectives of Mass Media The Functionalist Perspective – focuses on the ways in which mass media help to preserve social stability The Conflict Perspective – focuses on how mass media serve to maintain the existing social order

Contemporary Mass Media Issues Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution Contemporary Mass Media Issues Influence on children Effect on civic and social life Power in shaping public opinion