Cybersecurity Issues Impacting Public Sector Financial Management OASIS e-Gov Washington Workshop, April John Sabo Director Global Government Relations CA, Inc. Member, OASIS IDtrust Member Section Steering Committee

Abstract n Public financial management systems, e-procurement, and other services vital to government operations and citizen trust increasingly make use of information technology, networked infrastructures and Internet services. n Cybersecurity risks continue to multiply as the threat landscape broadens. As governmental services migrate to Internet and Internet Protocol-based infrastructures, managing cyber security risk takes on greater importance as government agencies cut ties to old business processes and fully embrace Internet-based services. n This presentation will provide an overview of cybersecurity risk issues, a number of public-private sector partnership efforts to assess and mitigate cyber risks, and examples of work underway by Technical Committees in the OASIS IDtrust Member Section to develop standards to help address these challenges.

3 Cybersecurity – Government and Business Risk Management Issues n 2007 Business Roundtable Report – growing Internet dependence n Control System vulnerabilities n Critical Infrastructure interdependencies l e.g., network availability for e-Gov applications n Convergence of communications with Internet Protocol-based networks/devices/security n Major global and federal government cybersecurity initiatives n Major initiatives such as Health IT, Smart Grid

4 Obama Administration n E-Government – using cutting-edge technologies to create a new level of transparency, accountability, and participation for America's citizens, to reform government and to improve the exchange of information between the federal government and its citizens and partners. n Cybersecurity – deploying a new generation of secure hardware and software for our critical cyber infrastructure and protecting sensitive corporate and government information and industrial applications from unauthorized access, theft, and misuse, while ensuring the resilience of our information networks, systems and applications. n Data Privacy – managing data privacy and securing personal information by partnering with industry to develop and implement standards and solutions needed to protect the rights of individuals in the information age.

5 Foundation in Place for Cybersecurity Risk Management n Huge resource and intellectual investments n R&D – technology development in response to market needs – innovation n Technologies, standards – e.g., identity and access management, authorization, encryption n Evolving standards and standards development to address new risk management requirements n Operational capabilities via organizations such as Information Sharing and Analysis Centers n Trusted industry and industry - government working relationships n Increased focus on cyber risk management, e.g., IT Sector Coordinating Council risk assessment

6 IT Sector Critical Functions and Cybersecurity n IT Products and Services n Incident Management Capabilities n Domain Name Resolution n Identity Management and Trust Support Services n Internet-based Content, Information and Communications Services n Internet Routing, Access and Connection Services

7 Complexities of the IT Sector n Domain Name System (DNS) root and Generic Top Level Domain (GTLD) operators n Internet Service Providers (ISPs) n Internet backbone providers n Internet portal and providers n Networking hardware companies (e.g., fiber-optics makers and line acceleration hardware manufacturers) and other hardware manufacturers (e.g., PC and server manufacturers and information storage) n Software companies n Security services vendors n Communications companies that characterize themselves as having an IT role n Edge and core service providers n IT system integrators n Global, Federal, State, and local governments…end users, businesses

8 IT “Sector Specific Plan” n Prevention and protection through risk management n Understand and prioritize risks and implement protective measures n Situational awareness n share threat and vulnerability information among IT Sector, other sectors and government, including developing indications and warnings n Expand public-private analytical capabilities to proactively identify potential future incidents n Response, recovery and reconstitution n Communications, incident response and coordination, recovery, reconstitution, and law enforcement linkages

Federal Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative (CNCI) 1. Trusted Internet Connections 2. Intrusion detection 3. Intrusion prevention 4. Research and development 5. Situational awareness 6. Cyber counter intelligence 7. Classified network security 8. Cyber education and training 9. Implementation of information security technologies 10. Deterrence strategies 11. Global supply chain security 12. Public/private collaboration

A Few Current Issues n Administration’s 60-day Cybersecurity Review l What is the federal government’s role in protecting critical infrastructure and information networks against a nation state attack? l Role of private sector in protecting government networks – people, process, technology, regulation, and incentives l What thresholds do we recommend for defining and reporting cyber incidents and to whom does it get reported? n New Federal Leadership, Organizational Alignment n Legislation and Oversight n … all in context of incredible technological innovation

IDtrust Member Section

n Evolution l PKI Forum (1999) l PKI Member Section (Nov 2002) l IDtrust Member Section (2007) n Steering Committee l June Leung, FundSERV l Abbie Barbir, Nortel l John Bradley l John Sabo, CA l Anil Saldhana, Red Hat n OASIS Staff – Dee Schur n 31 Sponsors/Contributing Member Organizations

Strategic Focus Areas n Identity and Trust Infrastructure Components l Standards, protocols, cost/benefits, risks n Identity and Trust Policies and Enforcement l Policy issues, policy mapping, assurance n Barriers and Emerging Issues l Data privacy, interoperability, extensible trust n Education and Outreach l White papers, research, conferences, Wiki l idtrust.xml.org

Technical Committees n Digital Signature Services eXtended (DSS-X) - Advancing new profiles for the DSS OASIS Standard n Identity Metasystem Interoperability (IMI) - Advancing interoperability standard for Information Cards n Open Reputation Management Systems (ORMS)- Advancing the ability to use common data formats for representing reputation data n Extensible Resource Identifier (XRI) - Defining a resolution protocol for abstract structured identifiers used to identify and share resources across domains and applications n XRI Data Interchange (XDI) - Creating a standard for sharing, linking, and synchronizing data over the Internet and other networks using XML documents and Extensible Resource Identifiers (XRIs) n Enterprise Key Management Infrastructure (EKMI) - Defining symmetric key management protocols n Key Management Interoperability Protocol (KMIP) - Advancing interoperability standard for enterprise encryption key management

15 What is KMIP The Key Management Interoperability Protocol (KMIP) enables key lifecycle management. KMIP supports legacy and new encryption applications, supporting symmetric keys, asymmetric keys, digital certificates, and other "shared secrets." KMIP offers developers templates to simplify the development and use of KMIP-enabled applications. KMIP defines the protocol for encryption client and key- management server communication. Supported key- lifecycle operations include generation, submission, retrieval, and deletion of cryptographic keys. Vendors will deliver KMIP-enabled encryption applications that support communication with compatible KMIP key-management servers.

16 Enterprise Cryptographic Environments Enterprise Key Management Disk Arrays Backup Disk Backup Tape Backup System Collaboration & Content Mgmt Systems File Server Portals Production Database Replica Staging Key Management Interoperability Protocol Enterprise Applications eCommerce Applications Business Analytics Dev/Test Obfuscation WAN LAN VPN CRM KMIP: Single Protocol Supporting Enterprise Cryptographic Environments

John Sabo