III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) EXODUS

Plain of el-Raha near Jebel Musa

Wadi el-Deir near Jebel Musa

Wadi el-Deir and St. Catherine’s Monastery

Jebel Musa above St. Catherine’s

Plain of Rafah at Sinai Where Israel Camped

Elijah's Spring

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) A.General Comments: 1. This is a covenant Theophony encounter with God i.In the ANE a covenant was made between a King and the people (Suzerainty/Vessel) 2. The Law Code had two types of Laws i. Apodictic ii. Casuistic

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) A.General Comments: 1. This is a covenant Theophany encounter with God i.In the ANE a covenant was made between a King and the people (Suzerainty/Vessel) 2. The Law Code had two types of Laws i. Apodictic ii. Causistic 3. Laws were Para-dynamic

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) A.Ex. 20:1-2 PREAMBLE AND PROLOUGE 1. Exodus 20:1-2 And God spoke all these words: 2 "I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery. 2. This verse emphasizes who is giving the commands I. “God spoke all these words”, not man. I. It also reminds us of how Israel and YHWH came to be in this relationship 3. Vs. 2 “Who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of Slavery” “all these words” ~yrIïb'D>h;-lK' “ cal ha-de-va- reem.”

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) A.Ex. 20:1-2 PREAMBLE AND PROLOUGE 4.ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN LAW CODES i. Two things reigned in the Ancient Near East. Covenants and Law Codes. II. The Difference between a covenant and a law code a. Covenants: b. Ancient Near Eastern Law Codes Victor Hamiltons Book Handbook on the Pentateuch 2 nd ed., (Baker Academics, Grand Rapids, MI., 2005) pg, 201.

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) A.Ex. 20:1-2 PREAMBLE AND PROLOUGE 1.Ancient Near Eastern Law Codes Code of Ur Nammu: (2100 – 2000 BC) Code of Eshnunna: (1980 BC) Code of Lipit-Ishtar: (1930 BC) Code of Hammurabi ( BC) The Hittite law code: ( BC) The Middle Assyrian Laws: ( BC)

SIX BASIC INGREDIENTS OF ANCIENT COVENANTS OF THE A.N.E. 1. Preamble: 2. Prologue. 3. Stipulations. 4. Sanctions 5. Witnesses. 6. Preservation of the Covenant

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) 20:1-17 Decalogue “Ten Commandments” No other Gods No Idols Shall not misuse the name of the Lord Remember the Sabbath day Honor your father and mother You shall not murder You shall not commit adultery You shall not steel You shall not give false testimony You shall not covet

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) 20:1-17 Decalogue “Ten Commandments” No other Gods No Idols Shall not misuse the name of the Lord Remember the Sabbath day Honor your father and mother You shall not murder You shall not commit adultery You shall not steel You shall not give false testimony You shall not covet

Late Bronze standing stones at Hazor

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) 20:1-17 Decalogue “Ten Commandments” No other Gods No Idols Shall not misuse the name of the Lord Remember the Sabbath day Honor your father and mother You shall not murder You shall not commit adultery You shall not steel You shall not give false testimony You shall not covet

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) 20:1-17 Decalogue “Ten Commandments” No other Gods No Idols Shall not misuse the name of the Lord Remember the Sabbath day Honor your father and mother You shall not murder You shall not commit adultery You shall not steel You shall not give false testimony You shall not covet

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) 20:1-17 Decalogue “Ten Commandments” No other Gods No Idols Shall not misuse the name of the Lord Remember the Sabbath day Honor your father and mother You shall not murder You shall not commit adultery You shall not steel You shall not give false testimony You shall not covet

"Honor (Exo 20:12) Greek: Τ ί μα “To Honor” Hebrew: כַּבֵּ ֥ ד Ca-ved: “To honor, to make heavy” Same word used for the “Glory of God”

ὑ πακο ύ ετε NIV Colossians 3:20 Children, obey your parents in everything, for this pleases the Lord. (Col 3:20 NIV) Hoop-oh “to come under” Akoo-oh “to listen”

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) 20:1-17 Decalogue “Ten Commandments” No other Gods No Idols Shall not misuse the name of the Lord Remember the Sabbath day Honor your father and mother You shall not murder You shall not commit adultery You shall not steel You shall not give false testimony You shall not covet

תִּרְצָ ֖ ֽח (Exo 20:13 WTT) Pre-Meditated cold blooded killing

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) 20:1-17 Decalogue “Ten Commandments” No other Gods No Idols Shall not misuse the name of the Lord Remember the Sabbath day Honor your father and mother You shall not murder You shall not commit adultery You shall not steel You shall not give false testimony You shall not covet

NIV Matthew 15:19 For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, slander.

NIV Galatians 5:19 The acts of the sinful nature are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery;. Sexual immorality / fornication, πορνεία (porneia), sexual immorality, sexual sin of a general kind, that includes many different behaviors (Mt 5:32; 15:19; 19:9; Mk 7:21; Jn 8:41; Ac 15:20; 1Co 6:18; 7:2; 2Co 12:21; Gal 5:19; Eph 5:3; 1Th 4:3)

NIV Galatians 5:19 The acts of the sinful nature are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery;. Impurity ἀ καθαρσία, ας, ἡ literally worthless material, waste; of graves decayed flesh, causing ceremonial uncleanness, defilement (MT 23.27); figuratively, moral uncleanness, impurity (1TH 2.3), opposite ἁ γιασμός (holy living); of sexual vice immorality, indecency, sexual impurity (RO 1.24) Debachery / lascivious avse,lgeia living without any moral restraint licentiousness, sensuality, lustful indulgence unbridled lust, sensual excess, licentiousness, lasciviousness, wantonness, outrageousness, shamelessness, insolence Key point to this word is that Ἀ σέλγεια is a comprehensive expression for evil and perversion. It is one of the vices that destroy an individual from within (Mark 7:22).

NIV Galatians 5:19 The acts of the sinful nature are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery; Debachery / lascivious avse,lgeia living without any moral restraint licentiousness, sensuality, lustful indulgence unbridled lust, sensual excess, licentiousness, lasciviousness, wantonness, outrageousness, shamelessness, insolence Key point to this word is that Ἀ σέλγεια is a comprehensive expression for evil and perversion. It is one of the vices that destroy an individual from within (Mark 7:22).

ESV Ezekiel 23:21 Thus you longed for the lewdness of your youth, when the Egyptians handled your bosom and pressed your young breasts." ESV Ezekiel 23:3 They played the whore in Egypt; they played the whore in their youth; there their breasts were pressed and their virgin bosoms handled. To be fondled מָעַךְ

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) 20:1-17 Decalogue “Ten Commandments” No other Gods No Idols Shall not misuse the name of the Lord Remember the Sabbath day Honor your father and mother You shall not murder You shall not commit adultery You shall not steal You shall not give false testimony You shall not covet

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) 20:1-17 Decalogue “Ten Commandments” No other Gods No Idols Shall not misuse the name of the Lord Remember the Sabbath day Honor your father and mother You shall not murder You shall not commit adultery You shall not steal You shall not give false testimony You shall not covet

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) 20:1-17 Decalogue “Ten Commandments” No other Gods No Idols Shall not misuse the name of the Lord Remember the Sabbath day Honor your father and mother You shall not murder You shall not commit adultery You shall not steal You shall not give false testimony You shall not covet

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) 19:1-24:18 DIVINE MORALITY 19:1-8 Eagles wings speech “I carried you out on eagles wings” Mother eagle who teaches her chicks to fly 19:9-25 Advent of God on Sinai Theophany Cloud of fire & Thunder People told to “consecrate themselves” Not to come near or God would “break out against them” i.e. strike them dead.

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24) 19:1-24:18 DIVINE MORALITY 19:1-8 Eagles wings speech 19:9-25 Advent of God on Sinai 20:1-17 The Decalogue “Ten Commandments”