Art Reflecting Reform and Society Changing Roles of Men, Women, and Art in an Industrial Society

Emigration Emigration: movement of people away from their native lands Emigration: movement of people away from their native lands Reasons: Reasons: due to more food, better health Population growth due to more food, better health People moved to industrialized areas where there was a greater demand for factory labor and wages were higher People moved to industrialized areas where there was a greater demand for factory labor and wages were higher was made safer and easier with trains and steamships Travel was made safer and easier with trains and steamships

Growth of Cities No running water No running water No sewers until the late 1800s No sewers until the late 1800s Dumped garbage in streets Dumped garbage in streets Foul smelling and unhealthy Foul smelling and unhealthy No paved streets and street lights No paved streets and street lights

Out Of These Changes Arise New Ways Of Thinking Reformers Reformers Education Education Science Science Art Art

Louis Pasteur studied disease created method to pasteurize milk created first vaccine for rabies created germ theory co-founded the study of microbiology Result: population growth

Sir William Jenner discovered difference between typhoid and typhus helped discover a vaccine for smallpox deadly disease of crowded cities is now under a little more control result: population growth

Changing role of women

Reformers Jane Addams New drive for women to “help” or change society. New drive for women to “help” or change society. They themselves are more educated and can assist more They themselves are more educated and can assist more Middle class women now have the luxury of more time to assist Middle class women now have the luxury of more time to assist Helped open Hull House in Chicago Helped open Hull House in Chicago Provided education and job training to the poor Provided education and job training to the poor Community service center became model Community service center became model Worked for world peace Worked for world peace Won the Nobel Peace Prize Won the Nobel Peace Prize

Education Middle class education increased Needed workers who could read and write Needed workers who could read and write Needed skilled engineers, scientists, etc. Needed skilled engineers, scientists, etc. Wanted to produce patriotic citizens; educated soldiers Wanted to produce patriotic citizens; educated soldiers Better life for children Better life for children Not as common for the working class Not as common for the working class Compulsory education was for everyone for a certain amount of time Compulsory education was for everyone for a certain amount of time Only middle class went on because lower classes needed to work for their families Only middle class went on because lower classes needed to work for their families Women Women Some argued that certain subjects weren’t appropriate for women Some argued that certain subjects weren’t appropriate for women People thought they didn’t need education People thought they didn’t need education Few colleges admitted women, anyway Few colleges admitted women, anyway

The BIGGEST new concept of Society Darwinism

Darwinism Charles Darwin - studied nature and began to see the world differently. The average man just wanted to see the pretty birds –the average man wasn’t noticing the birds constantly destroying life Charles Darwin - studied nature and began to see the world differently. The average man just wanted to see the pretty birds –the average man wasn’t noticing the birds constantly destroying life His work finally dislodged people from the traditional notion that they possessed an exalted position as special creations in God’s image. His work finally dislodged people from the traditional notion that they possessed an exalted position as special creations in God’s image. Man was just another animal. Man was just another animal.

Darwinism - still controversial today Charles Darwin Charles Darwin Science, in essence, became a new religion Note/kn ow the title of his work What about The subtitle? Do you think it is prejudiced?

Darwinism Science, in essence, became a new religion Drew connection to the Industrial Revolution and theories such as ____________ dealt with the physical evolution of the masses some early twentieth century giants such as _______would buy into this idea and perpetuate the concept of racial superiority other theories of the masses such as ______________ dealt with the political evolution of the masses Hitler Evolution Communism

Darwinism - Nietzsche (nee-chee) “God is dead.” He wrote Thus Spake Zarathustra. Idea of new God – a man who is a Superman. Eternal recurrence can occur now. - Neitzsche believed violence, danger, and war were just as good as kindness because out of that chaos rose Superman From this you get new philosophers such as (Jim Morrison was an avid follower of Nietzsche – he read him when he was a teenager and often quoted Nietzsche.)

Where do you usually see these changes in mankind’s ideas of what society is and what society ought to do? The arts. Music, literature, philosophy, politics, etc.

Christo and his wife Jean Claude- this is art. He created large exhibits to make people think. This was in NY Central Park around 2004.

Enlightenment’s faith in Reason Which Leads To The Romantic mov’t’s rejection of Reason and its emphasis on nature and primitive man Which Leads To The stark Realism and a deep pessimism

Enlightenment’s faith in Reason Which Leads To The Romantic mov’t’s rejection of Reason and its emphasis on nature and primitive man

Romanticism Artistic movement reacting against the age of reason and science Artistic movement reacting against the age of reason and science Intuition rather than reason as the path to truth Intuition rather than reason as the path to truth “noble savage” = celebrate the person who denounces the poisonous influence of the Industrial Revolution (much like the political philosopher______________) “noble savage” = celebrate the person who denounces the poisonous influence of the Industrial Revolution (much like the political philosopher______________) Value emotion above reason Value emotion above reason Art for art’s sake Art for art’s sake See - lots of blue! It is called Cerulean blue- expensive color in paints Rousseau

Romantic Authors and Musicians : poet who had works filled with a love for beauty and nature William Wordsworth: poet who had works filled with a love for beauty and nature THE DAFFODILS; OR, I WANDERED LONELY AS A CLOUD by: William Wordsworth ( ) WANDERED lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of the bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company I gazed -- and gazed -- but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.

Romantic Musicians Music Music Beethoven: expressed love of nature in Pastoral Symphony; works known for passion and powerful emotions Beethoven: expressed love of nature in Pastoral Symphony; works known for passion and powerful emotions Tchaikovsky: music built around stories like The Sleeping Beauty and Romeo and Juliet Tchaikovsky: music built around stories like The Sleeping Beauty and Romeo and Juliet

Romantic Art Francisco Goya: Saturn Eating Cronus See, rejecting reason and emphasizing the primitive nature of man

The Romantic mov’t’s rejection of Reason and its emphasis on nature and primitive man Which Leads To The stark Realism and a deep pessimism

Realism 1848 In reaction to Romanticism REALISM was born. In reaction to Romanticism REALISM was born. Reflection of the Scientific Age - not painting to illustrate human truths but painting only what you can see. Reflection of the Scientific Age - not painting to illustrate human truths but painting only what you can see. Can’t see an angel? Then don’t paint an angel! Can’t see an angel? Then don’t paint an angel! In a rationalistic, scientific age there are no laws exterior to man himself. In a rationalistic, scientific age there are no laws exterior to man himself. Almost a pessimistic view Almost a pessimistic view

Realism Artistic movement dealing with everyday life and social settings Artistic movement dealing with everyday life and social settings Dealt with social and economic themes Dealt with social and economic themes Rosa Bonheur: The Horse Fair

Early Photography Started with the daguerreotype in Daquerreotype is a type of old photography. Started with the daguerreotype in Daquerreotype is a type of old photography. Depicted life as it really is; giving rise to realism movement Depicted life as it really is; giving rise to realism movement Realism contrasted with the idealism of romantic artists Realism contrasted with the idealism of romantic artists 1848 daguerreotype of Edgar Allen Poe

Realist Authors Dickens: wrote realistically about the lives of poor people in London Dickens: wrote realistically about the lives of poor people in London Oliver Twist Oliver Twist Emila Zola: as a naturalist, he showed the unpleasant aspects of everyday life by exposing social problems of the time period Emila Zola: as a naturalist, he showed the unpleasant aspects of everyday life by exposing social problems of the time period

Which Leads To The stark Realism and a deep pessimism Impressionism- a softer, emotional view of man

Impressionism Impressionism: painting that evolved from the realist style that uses light and color to create vivid impressions of people and places; often depicts light at different times of the day Impressionism: painting that evolved from the realist style that uses light and color to create vivid impressions of people and places; often depicts light at different times of the day Monet and Renoir were leading painters Monet and Renoir were leading painters

Impressionism Monet: Impression, Sunrise

More Reactions to Realism Postimpressionism: group of painters who moved away from realism; uses color and form to depict emotion and movement Postimpressionism: group of painters who moved away from realism; uses color and form to depict emotion and movement Cezanne: explored forms and shapes and moved away from realistic scenes Cezanne: explored forms and shapes and moved away from realistic scenes Matisse and Van Gogh: emphasized color design over realism Matisse and Van Gogh: emphasized color design over realism

Reactions to Realism Van Gogh: Starry Night

Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, or Post-Impressionism? IMPRESSIONISM!

Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, or Post-Impressionism? POST-IMPRESSIONISM!

Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, or Post-Impressionism? ROMANTICISM!

Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, or Post-Impressionism? IMPRESSIONISM!

Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, or Post-Impressionism? REALISM!

Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, or Post-Impressionism? IMPRESSIONISM!

Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, or Post-Impressionism? POST-IMPRESSIONISM!