Ian Becking

 My background  What I am talking about today  Disaster Management in Canada  What is resilience?  Key Lessons from the last 25 years ◦ Concerning People ◦ Concerning Process and Policy ◦ Concerning Technology  Concluding thoughts

 1983 to 2014 Canadian Army full and part time – retired as Lieutenant Colonel ◦ served in Afghanistan  1990 to 2008 – Canadian Government ◦ Agriculture Canada – Training and Exercise Officer ◦ Emergency Preparedness – Operations Officer ◦ Public Safety Canada – Manager Geomatics/Director Operations  2009 to 2013 – Emergency Management Consultant  2013 to present – Managing Emergency Exercise program for Government of Canada

 This is based on my experience  These are my views  This is not the Government of Canada`s policy or position.  Hopefully this will show that progress has been made in Canada but there are still important lessons to be learned by Taiwan.

 Individuals have a responsibility ◦ Often need assistance  Municipalities (Cities, townships) respond next (fire/rescue, ambulance and police)  Adjacent cities respond as requested  Provinces support when municipal resources exhausted  Federal government responds at the request of the province and support...unless

 The emergency is mandate for a federal response (foreign animal disease for example)  The military can support at the request of the provinces  The majority of emergencies are dealt with at the municipal level with a smaller percentage getting support from the provinces.

 A lot of discussion and research is dealing with the topic of resilience  Some governments are still trying to determine what exactly it is  UN definition is good: The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions.

 A resilient community will get back on its feet faster  Can be better economically  Less requirement for government intervention  Allows the focus of the response to shift to vulnerable populations

 Decisions by elected policy makers to divert resources from those uses to the relief of harm from uncertain future threats can be seen as wasteful. In contrast, once a disaster occurs, officials are rewarded for responding quickly to the relief of victims. Budgeting for Disasters: Focusing on the Good Times by Marvin Phaup and Charlotte Kirschner OECD Journal on Budgeting Volume 2010/1  While governments would LIKE to devote money prior to the event, the policy benefits may be hard to realize

 Difference between lesson learned and lessons “collected”  Lessons are learned when behaviour is changed either through training, legislation and enforcement or a change in policy  Collecting lessons into great databases is no longer acceptable  Making the same mistakes over and over is no longer acceptable

 People;  Process (or governance); and  Technology  The key lessons in the three categories will be discussed that ultimately lead to improved resiliency.

 Everything starts with people  From Municipal first responders to provincial and federal officials – they all need to train and to practice together  People need to be trained, individually and collectively (through exercise programs)  Elected officials need to be involved

 Vancouver Olympics Exercise program ◦ Brought three levels of government in a progressive inclusive exercise program ◦ All hazards not just a security exercise program ◦ Dealt with the response to natural and human induced emergencies. ◦ 1 st national exercise program since late 1990s

 Canada used to have a Canadian Emergency Preparedness College – closed for a variety of reasons and training devolved to provinces  Demand for training taken up by Community Colleges  Public Safety working to develop a national standard and a common capability set  Particularly important for large scale events where support from neighbours is requested

 Trained people need to operate in a defined well understood process that supports and enables the response – not hinders it  A particular challenge the further removed from the incident scene you are.  The Canadian military is moving away from rigid hierarchical, monolithic organizations – yet EM is still very structured and hierarchical.  Social technologies and public expectations will challenge this rigid system

 Establishment of the Government Operations Centre – 2003 to 2005 ◦ Role is to provide strategic level coordination and direction on behalf of the Government of Canada in response to an emerging or occurring incident affecting the national interest. ◦ Central element of a revised federal approach to managing emergencies and rationalizing a complex system

 The Federal governments all-hazards response plan.  Guides a comprehensive and harmonized federal response to emergencies that require an integrated Government of Canada approach.  In conjunction with the response efforts of provinces/territories, non-governmental organizations, the private sector, and international partners.  Based on the tenets of the Incident Command System.

Direction and Guidance Strategic Coordination Operational/ Tactical Coordination Federal Coordination Group Provincial Emergency Operations Centre Provincial Ministers Premier Provincial ADM Prime Minister DM Committee ADM Public Safety /Operations Committee Cabinet Committee (Operations) Government Operations Centre (GOC) Provincial DM Federal Regional Offices/Resources Private Sectors & NGOs Municipal Emergency Operations Centre Other Federal Operations Centres International Partners

 The Canadian Centre for Security Sciences  Partnership between Public Safety and Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC)

 CSS’s Role is to employ Science and technology(S&T) as a strategic enabler for federal government’s public safety and security agenda by focusing on outcomes based investment in technology supporting public safety across Canada

 Improved research ◦ Measurement of exercises and training  Targeted investment based on research ◦ Social Media and Emergency Management Exercise  Support to key technologies ◦ Multi-Agency Situational Awareness System (MASAS)

 Learn lessons don’t merely collect them;  Incorporate these lessons into a training system that is nationally standardized;  Ensure that a well designed national governance model for emergency response is understood and tested  Appropriate development of technology that is relevant and useful for emergency responders

 Questions?