Main Function: Detach Soil from Fabric Detergents must be selective IID Institute of Innovative Design

Detachment Force Must be Greater than the Bonding Force Main Function IID Institute of Innovative Design

H2OH2O S BE S SS S S P PerfumeEnzymes Bleach Surfactants Enzymes E SSSS IID Institute of Innovative Design

Bleach Perfume S BE S SS S S P Enzymes Bleach Surfactants SS PB IID Institute of Innovative Design

SS IID Institute of Innovative Design

SurfActantsSurfActants Harmful functions Transfer dye Place Surfactant complexes in fabric matrix Place "Surfactant + Soil" complexes in fabric matrix Form complexes with hardness ions Ca 2+, Mg 2+ Deactivate enzymes Form suds To remove soil from fabric IID Institute of Innovative Design

EnzymesEnzymes Harmful functions Destroy fabric Develop allergic response To destroy soil IID Institute of Innovative Design

BleachBleach Harmful functions Destroy fabric Destroy rubber parts of machine Cause corrosion of steel parts of machine To oxidize soil IID Institute of Innovative Design

Antiresorber Harmful functions Form compound with fabric that does not destroy in rinsing Soil fabric (with time, in deposition) To form hydrophylic surface on fabric IID Institute of Innovative Design

BuildersBuilders To soften fabric (prevent hydrogen bonds from forming between fabric fibers in washing and drying processes) Harmful functions l Soil fabric (with time, in deposition) l Suppress activity of Brightener IID Institute of Innovative Design

WaterWater l To dissolve detergent components l To transport surfactant molecules to “soil - water” interface l To wash soil away from fabric l To transport soil from machine l To remove surfactant from fabric l Remove dye from fabric l Add hardness ions into washing solution l Cause corrosion of steel parts of machine l Penetrate in fabric fibers in swelling l Form suds Harmful functions IID Institute of Innovative Design

Hardness ions (Ca 2+, Mg 2+ ) Ca 2 + Mg 2+ Harmful functions l Form complexes with surfactant l Form compounds with fatty acids l Form compounds with central atoms l Deposit on clays We are water’s friends ! IID Institute of Innovative Design

1. The force of action of surfactant on soil has long reached its limit. INTEGRAL DRAWBACKS OF DETERGENTS IMPEDING THEIR FURTHER ADVANCE Why? IID Institute of Innovative Design

Quantum- mechanical interactions underlying the “hydrophily- hydrophoby”effect are completely exhausted denying further increase of physical-chemical properties of surfactants. IID Institute of Innovative Design

2. Use of surfactants generates a need to use water as a solvent and necessitates subsequent rinsing and drying for a long time, As a result the dies are washed out, fibers are damaged and fabric is deformed. IID Institute of Innovative Design

Attempts to improve the effect of surfactants (application of bleach, enzymes) have brought into being detergents of modern complicated formulations. Each new component added slightly improved the main function, but at the same time brought about new undesirable effects. To suppress these effects new components were added, and so on. Can this go on to infinity? This makes sense until the sum of positive properties gained is larger than the sum of payment- undesirable effects. Current ratio is as follows: positive functions - 28%, negative - 55%, auxiliary - 17% (these functions are useless in washing) IID Institute of Innovative Design

Avenue to increase Main function Degree of novelty Principle of solution Result Builders - the same Variation of composition of builders New principles of Washing/cleaning To separate contradictory properties In time and space To eliminate Sources of harmful functions To enhance useful functions of remaining builders To introduce new elements with enlarged useful function To introduce new elements with enlarged useful function Change physical- chemical principle of detachment of soil separate feed of builders under program Replace a part of components for new Builders for new solvents, Physical fields microbiology NEW PROCESSES IMPROVEMENT OF PROCESS IID Institute of Innovative Design

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS 1. Patent studies of the recent 25 years have demonstrated the field of detergents to have to parallel interrelated processes: Increasing number of patented formulations indicative of the aspiration of manufacturers to expand business, develop new trade marks; Decreasing functional surplus in each new formulation as compared to the formulations of the 70s; in recent 3-5 years the formulations differ only in names of substances, their functional significance being almost identical. IID Institute of Innovative Design

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS Interrelation of these processes is obvious (TIPS has found it in numerous engineering systems): the less valuable is the heuristic solution obtained, the higher is the wish to compensate the quality of patents by their quantity. TIPS calls this period in the life of a system “aging of the system”. This suggests a necessity to pass over to fundamentally novel solutions. IID Institute of Innovative Design

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS 2. Cooperation with washing machine manufacturers to increase the synergism of combined effect of mechanical and chemical factors is not beneficial for P&G - improved mechanical factor will have good effect on every detergent. Only a slight probability exists that the mechanical factor can be changed so and such new components for detergents can be added that their sum will bring forth a pronounced jump in synergism, In this case the changes in the washing machine must be determined by a certain “X” component that will need a different method of activation to reveal its effect. Thus, first it is necessary to find this “X” component and next consider versions of changes in mechanical activation. IID Institute of Innovative Design

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS 3. P&G is interested to manufacture a chemical product for household washing, so, major efforts should be focused to find new detergent formulations. IID Institute of Innovative Design

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS 4. A “fundamentally novel solution” for detergents means to abandon components that impair the process (deteriorate other components, deteriorate fabric). Components that perform corrective and auxiliary functions have to be abandoned. and auxiliary functions have to be abandoned. New components to make improve New components to make improve detachment of soil form fabric must be added IID Institute of Innovative Design

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS 5. Preliminary analysis demonstrates that: A) Along with surfactants it is required to use other substances detaching soil (e, g, triple systems “water-intermediate solvent-organic solvent”); B) Bleach as a substance devoid of selective action has to be excluded from the formulation or its action must be strictly selective; C) Enzyme types must be more numerous to enlarge the range of their action on soil types, to meet economic requirements their effect must be strictly selective; D) The washing process must use little water with higher concentration of acting components and shorter (to prevent fibers from swelling); limit low-water process is to steam out the fabric components with previously deposited on it (steam fed through a nozzle can be a source of ultra-mega- hypersound, at this); E) Movement of washing liquid through fabric must be unilateral to exclude recurrent deposition of soil (soil held by filter in the circulation loop). IID Institute of Innovative Design